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tetracycline | 60-54-8

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
tetracycline
英文别名
Tetracyclin
tetracycline化学式
CAS
60-54-8
化学式
C22H24N2O8
mdl
——
分子量
444.441
InChiKey
OFVLGDICTFRJMM-DXMYQVORSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    175-177 °C(lit.)
  • 比旋光度:
    D25 -257.9° (0.1N HCl); D25 -239° (methanol)
  • 沸点:
    554.44°C (rough estimate)
  • 密度:
    1.3809 (rough estimate)
  • 溶解度:
    95%乙醇:可溶,12.5mg/mL

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    -0.21
  • 重原子数:
    32.0
  • 可旋转键数:
    2.0
  • 环数:
    4.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.41
  • 拓扑面积:
    181.62
  • 氢给体数:
    6.0
  • 氢受体数:
    9.0

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    Xn,Xi
  • 安全说明:
    S22,S36
  • 危险类别码:
    R22,R36/37/38
  • WGK Germany:
    3
  • 海关编码:
    2941301100
  • 危险品运输编号:
    HAZARD
  • RTECS号:
    QI8750000

SDS

SDS:526fbe4c9c7b8f348ddad019093feeb2
查看

制备方法与用途

抗生素:四环素

四环素是由金霉素催化脱卤生物合成的抗生素,毒性较低,早在1948年就开始用于临床。它是一种广谱抑菌剂,在高浓度时具有杀菌作用。除了常见的革兰阳性菌、革兰阴性菌以及厌氧菌外,多数立克次体属、支原体属、衣原体属、非典型分枝杆菌属和螺旋体也对四环素敏感。与革兰阳性菌相比,四环素对抗革兰阴性菌的作用稍差,但肠球菌对其耐药。

在牙齿发育矿化期间服用四环素族药物(如四环素土霉素金霉素强力霉素等),可导致牙着色,呈现黄棕色或深灰色。1950年,国外已有报道指出四环素类药物引起的牙着色现象;之后又陆续发现这些药物沉积于牙齿和骨骼中,并且还能引起釉质发育不全。直到20世纪70年代中期,国内才开始注意这一问题。

作用机制

抑制细菌蛋白质合成是四环素类药物的抗菌机制。通过与30s亚基结合,阻止基酰-tRNA与mRNA-核糖体复合物结合,从而抑制肽链的延伸和延长因子与起始因子的相互作用,最终导致细菌生长受阻。

适应症

该药物广泛用于治疗多种感染性疾病,如立克次体病、支原体肺炎等。由于其广谱抗菌活性,四环素在临床中常作为一线或二线选择。

不良反应与副作用
  1. 胃肠道症状:恶心、呕吐、上腹不适、腹胀和腹泻是常见的不良反应。
  2. 肝毒性:可引起脂肪肝变性。妊娠期妇女及原有肾功能损害的患者更易发生,但也可在无上述情况的人群中出现。四环素所致胰腺炎可能与肝毒性同时存在,且不影响原发性肝病。
  3. 变态反应:包括斑丘疹、红斑、荨麻疹、血管神经性肿和过敏性紫癜。少数患者可能出现光敏现象,因此服用期间应避免阳光或紫外线暴露,一旦皮肤有红斑立即停药。
  4. 血液系统:偶见溶血性贫血、血小板减少、中性粒细胞减少和嗜酸粒细胞减少。
  5. 中枢神经系统:罕见良性颅内压增高,表现为头痛、呕吐、视神经乳头肿等。
  6. 肾毒性:显著肾功能损害的患者可能出现氮质血症加重、高磷酸血症和酸中毒。
  7. 二重感染:长期应用可导致耐药黄色葡萄球菌、革兰阴性杆菌及真菌引起的消化道、呼吸道或尿路感染,严重者可能引起败血症。
药物相互作用
  1. 与其他肝毒性药物(如抗肿瘤药)合用时可加重肝损害。
  2. 四环素类药降低血浆凝血酶原活性,故接受抗凝治疗的患者需调整剂量。
禁忌症
  • 四环素过敏者禁用;
  • 妊娠期和准备怀孕的妇女禁用;
  • 8岁以下儿童禁用,因该药物可引起牙齿永久性变色、牙釉质发育不良及抑制骨骼发育。

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    tetracycline溶剂黄146 作用下, 以 乙腈 为溶剂, 反应 11.0h, 生成 lumitetracycline
    参考文献:
    名称:
    Organic photochemistry. 93. Photochemical and photophysical studies of tetracycline
    摘要:
    The photochemistry and photophysics of tetracycline (Tc) have been studied in aqueous and organic media. The primary photochemical reaction upon excitation into S1 is conversion to lumitetracycline (LTc) and dimethylamine at pH's < 7.5. Higher pH's and especially the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol favor the formation of anhydrotetracycline. Oxygen quenches LTc formation but has a minimal effect on Tc fluorescence; benzophenone sensitizes LTc formation. Triplet sensitization also produces de(dimethylamino)tetracycline (DTc), as does photolysis into S2. It is proposed that DTc and LTc are derived from upper and lower triplets, respectively. Tc fluorescence shows a profound abnormal Stokes shift relative to absorption and a significant blue shift in this emission in basic media. The former phenomenon is attributed to an adiabatic excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) from the phenol functionality to the oxygen at C11. Subsequent intersystem crossing and/or an analogous ESIPT within T1 provides a triplet species the decay of which is accompanied by intramolecular displacement of dimethylamine by C11a to give LTc. The blue-shifted emission in base is associated with a red shift in absorption; both spectral manifestations are attributed to deprotonation of the Tc ground state at C12 to form Tc-, a species apparently unable to undergo ESIPT and photochemical conversion to LTc.
    DOI:
    10.1021/ja00021a041
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文献信息

  • COMBINED THERAPIES OF ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS AND TETRACYCLINES IN THE TREATMENT OF PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS
    申请人:MOR RESEARCH APPLICATIONS LTD.
    公开号:US20130190275A1
    公开(公告)日:2013-07-25
    The present invention provides combinations of an antipsychotic drug and a tetracycline, particularly minocycline, for the treatment of psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia. The invention also provides formulations wherein the release of one or both of the antipsychotic drug and the tetracycline is modified. The invention also provides methods using the combined therapy for treatment of psychotic disorders, particularly schizophrenia, comprising an antipsychotic drug and a tetracycline.
    本发明提供了抗精神病药物和四环素(尤其是米诺环素)的组合物,用于治疗精神疾病,特别是精神分裂症。本发明还提供了其中一种或两种药物的释放被修改的配方。本发明还提供了使用该联合疗法治疗精神疾病,特别是精神分裂症的方法,包括使用抗精神病药物和四环素
  • USE OF METALLOPROTEASE INHIBITORS FOR THE TREATMENT OF POLYCYSTIC LIVER DISEASES
    申请人:Administración General De La Communidad Autónoma De Euskadi
    公开号:EP2926808A1
    公开(公告)日:2015-10-07
    The present invention comprises the use of metalloprotease inhibitors for the treatment of polycystic liver diseases (PLDs). The invention particularly describes the use of Marimastat as the preferred metalloprotease inhibitor for the treatment of PLDs. Treatment with Marimastat is able to inhibit liver cystogenesis by blocking metalloproteolytic hyperactivity of polycystic cholangiocytes.
    本发明包括使用属蛋白酶抑制剂治疗多囊性肝病(PLDs)。本发明特别描述了马里马司他作为优选的属蛋白酶抑制剂用于治疗多囊肝病。使用马利司他治疗能够通过阻断多囊性胆管细胞的蛋白酶过度活性来抑制肝囊肿的发生。
  • Controlled release doxycycline
    申请人:Mayne Pharma International Pty Ltd.
    公开号:US10869877B2
    公开(公告)日:2020-12-22
    The disclosure provides controlled release compositions comprising tetracyclines and in some embodiments, doxycycline. The controlled release doxycycline compositions of the invention exhibit a superior dissolution profile and provide reduced side effects such as nausea and irritation.
    本发明提供了包含四环素类药物的控释组合物,在某些实施方案中还包括强力霉素。本发明的多西环素控释组合物具有优异的溶解特性,可减少恶心和刺激等副作用。
  • Organic photochemistry. 82. Lumitetracycline. A novel new tetracycline photoproduct
    作者:Ralph E. Drexel、Gerard Olack、Claude Jones、Gwendolyn N. Chmurny、Robert Santini、Harry Morrison
    DOI:10.1021/jo00295a042
    日期:1990.4
  • Novel fine fluorescent particle
    申请人:Matsumoto Kazuko
    公开号:US20070026407A1
    公开(公告)日:2007-02-01
    Novel silica particles having bondable functional groups on the surface thereof and containing a fluorescent rare-earth complex characterized by being uninfluenced by the surrounding environment including a buffer and a substance to be labeled. The silica particles containing a fluorescent rare-earth complex specifically are ones which comprise silica particles containing a fluorescent rare-earth complex selectively in an inner layer thereof and the surface of which consists substantially of silica. Also provided are: a fluorescent labeling agent comprising the silica particles; a method of fluorescent labeling which comprises using the silica particles as a labeling agent; and a method for fluorescent determination and a reagent for fluorescent determination which employ the fluorescent labeling agent.
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