lead(2+);oxoarsinite | 10031-13-7

• 物质功能分类: 有机原料 - 羧酸类化合物及衍生物
• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 类金属有机物
• 英文名称: lead(2+);oxoarsinite
• 英文别名: Lead arsenite
• CAS: 10031-13-7
• 化学式: As₂O₄Pb
• 分子量: 421.0
• InChiKey: JFOKPVUWYKONLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-L

物化性质

• 密度：
  5.85
• 溶解度：
  不溶于水；溶于稀HNO 3
• 物理描述：
  Lead(II) arsenite is a white powder. It is insoluble in water. It is toxic by inhalation and by ingestion.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -3.76
• 重原子数：
  7
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  80.3
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  4

ADMET

代谢

铅和砷通过吸入、口服和皮肤接触被吸收。砷随后在体内分布，根据需要被还原成亚砷酸盐，然后通过亚砷酸盐甲基转移酶被甲基化成单甲基砷（MMA）和二甲砷酸（DMA）。砷及其代谢物主要通过尿液排出。已知砷能诱导金属结合蛋白金属硫蛋白，通过绑定砷和其他金属并使其生物活性失效，同时充当抗氧化剂，从而减少砷和其他金属的毒性效应。铅主要分布到骨骼和红细胞中。在血液中，铅可能被发现与血清白蛋白或金属结合蛋白金属硫蛋白结合。有机铅通过细胞色素P-450酶代谢，而无机铅与δ-氨基酮戊酸脱水酶形成复合物。铅主要通过尿液和粪便排出。

Lead and arsenic are absorbed following inhalation, oral, and dermal exposure. Arsenic is then distributed throughout the body, where it is reduced into arsenite if necessary, then methylated into monomethylarsenic (MMA) and dimethylarsenic acid (DMA) by arsenite methyltransferase. Arsenic and its metabolites are primarily excreted in the urine. Arsenic is known to induce the metal-binding protein metallothionein, which decreases the toxic effects of arsenic and other metals by binding them and making them biologically inactive, as well as acting as an antioxidant. Lead is distributed mainly to the bones and red blood cells. In the blood lead may be found bound to serum albumin or the metal-binding protein metallothionein. Organic lead is metabolized by cytochrome P-450 enzymes, whereas inorganic lead forms complexes with delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase. Lead is excreted mainly in the urine and faeces. (L136, L20)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 毒性总结

砷及其代谢物通过多种机制干扰ATP的产生。在柠檬酸循环层面，砷抑制了丙酮酸脱氢酶，并通过与磷酸竞争，解偶联氧化磷酸化，从而抑制了与能量相关的NAD+的还原、线粒体呼吸和ATP的合成。过氧化氢的产生也增加了，这可能会形成活性氧物种和氧化应激。砷的致癌性受到砷与微管蛋白结合的影响，这会导致非整倍体、多倍体和有丝分裂的停滞。砷与其他蛋白质目标的结合也可能导致DNA修复酶活性的改变、DNA甲基化模式的改变和细胞增殖。铅模仿其他生物重要金属，如锌、钙和铁，作为许多相应酶促反应的辅因子与之竞争。例如，铅已被证明能竞争性地抑制钙与钙调蛋白的结合，干扰神经递质的释放。它对NMDA受体和蛋白激酶C表现出类似的竞争性抑制，这损害了大脑微血管的形成和功能，并改变了血脑屏障。铅还通过影响多巴胺合成的调节和阻止乙酰胆碱的诱发释放来影响神经系统。然而，其主要作用机制是通过抑制δ-氨基酮酸脱水酶，该酶在血红素生物合成中至关重要，而血红素是血红蛋白必需的辅因子。

Arsenic and its metabolites disrupt ATP production through several mechanisms. At the level of the citric acid cycle, arsenic inhibits pyruvate dehydrogenase and by competing with phosphate it uncouples oxidative phosphorylation, thus inhibiting energy-linked reduction of NAD+, mitochondrial respiration, and ATP synthesis. Hydrogen peroxide production is also increased, which might form reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. Arsenic's carginogenicity is influenced by the arsenical binding of tubulin, which results in aneuploidy, polyploidy and mitotic arrests. The binding of other arsenic protein targets may also cause altered DNA repair enzyme activity, altered DNA methylation patterns and cell proliferation. Lead mimics other biologically important metals, such as zinc, calcium, and iron, competing as cofactors for many of their respective enzymatic reactions. For example, lead has been shown to competitively inhibit calcium's binding of calmodulin, interferring with neurotransmitter release. It exhibits similar competitive inhibition at the NMDA receptor and protein kinase C, which impairs brain microvascular formation and function, as well as alters the blood-brain barrier. Lead also affects the nervous system by impairing regulation of dopamine synthesis and blocking evoked release of acetylcholine. However, it's main mechanism of action occurs by inhibiting delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase, an enzyme vital in the biosynthesis of heme, which is a necesssary cofactor of hemoglobin. (T1, T4, A17, A20, A22, L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 致癌物分类

1, 对人类致癌。

1, carcinogenic to humans. (L135)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 健康影响

砒霜中毒可能导致多系统器官衰竭死亡，可能是由于细胞坏死而非凋亡。砒霜也是一种已知的致癌物，尤其是在皮肤、肝脏、膀胱和肺癌中。铅是一种神经毒素，已知会导致大脑损伤和认知能力下降，尤其是在儿童中。铅暴露可能导致肾病，以及如高血压和贫血等血液疾病。铅还表现出生殖毒性，可能导致流产和精子产量减少。

Arsenic poisoning can lead to death from multi-system organ failure, probably from necrotic cell death, not apoptosis. Arsenic is also a known carcinogen, esepcially in skin, liver, bladder and lung cancers. Lead is a neurotoxin and has been known to cause brain damage and reduced cognitive capacity, especially in children. Lead exposure can result in nephropathy, as well as blood disorders such as high blood pressure and anemia. Lead also exhibits reproductive toxicity and can results in miscarriages and reduced sperm production. (T1, L20, L21)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

这种物质可以通过吸入和摄入被身体吸收。

The substance can be absorbed into the body by inhalation and by ingestion.

来源:ILO-WHO International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSCs)

毒理性

• 暴露途径

口服（L136）；吸入（L136）；皮肤给药（L136）

Oral (L136) ; inhalation (L136); dermal (L136)

来源:Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)
• 危险品运输编号：
  UN 1618
• 包装等级：
  II
• 危险类别：
  6.1(a)
• 储存条件：
  库房应保持通风、低温和干燥，并与其他酸类物质及食品分开储存和运输。

SDS

第一部分：化学品名称

制备方法与用途

类别：农药

可燃性危险特性
遇酸会产生剧毒三氧化二砷。

储运特性
应存放在通风、低温和干燥的库房中，并与酸类及食品分开储存和运输。

灭火剂
使用雾状水或砂土进行灭火。

职业标准
时间加权平均容许浓度（TWA）为 0.05 毫克/立方米（以铅计）。

反应信息

• 作为产物：
  描述：

  碘甲烷 、 alkaline earth salt of/the/ methylsulfuric acid 在 甲醇 作用下， 生成 lead(2+);oxoarsinite
  参考文献：
  名称：

  Simonis; Wenzel, Chemische Berichte, 1900, vol. 33, p. 422

  摘要：

  DOI：