加铬砷酸铜 | 37337-13-6

• 分子结构分类: 无机化合物 - 混合金属/非金属化合物 - 类金属有机物
• 中文名称: 加铬砷酸铜
• 英文名称: Arsenic acid (H3AsO4), copper(2+) salt (2:3), chromated
• CAS: 37337-13-6
• 化学式: As2CrCuO9
• 分子量: 409.38
• InChiKey: OYCRXRQJTLRQJB-UHFFFAOYSA-N

物化性质

• 分解：
  The use of bleaches, deck cleaners or brighteners that contain sodium hypochlorite, sodium hydroxide, sodium percarbonate, oxalic acid, or citric acid is not recommended as they may release toxic chemicals from CCA-treated wood.

计算性质

• 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP)：
  -1.79
• 重原子数：
  13
• 可旋转键数：
  0
• 环数：
  0.0
• sp3杂化的碳原子比例：
  0.0
• 拓扑面积：
  146
• 氢给体数：
  0
• 氢受体数：
  9

ADMET

毒理性

• 毒性总结

识别和使用：铬酸铜砷（CCA）是一种含有铬、铜和砷的化学木材防腐剂。CCA用于加压处理木材，以防止木材因昆虫和微生物作用而腐烂。自2003年12月31日起，任何木材处理商或制造商不得用CCA处理木材用于住宅用途，除非有特定例外。人类暴露：与未标记的含铬砷木材防腐剂接触，包括接触用含铬砷木材防腐剂处理的木材流出的树液，已与瘙痒、烧伤皮疹、神经系统症状和呼吸问题有关。两名工人在处理CCA处理的木材时暴露。报告的症状包括头痛、恶心、颤抖和口渴。在另一个案例中，加压处理的木材导致慢性皮疹持续了三年。一名33岁的男子试图通过摄入一种未知的液体自杀，后来被确认为CCA木材防腐剂，他在到达急诊科前75分钟摄入了该液体。他出现了严重的呼吸窘迫、流涎、心动过速和低血压。双手掌出现了橙色的颜色。他出现了多次房性早搏和室上性心动过速，后来在重症监护室中，出现了难治性室性心动过速和心室颤动。患者到达后2.5小时被宣布死亡。动物研究：暴露于铬和砷在小鼠肾脏组织中显著改变了氧化还原状态，表现为谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GSTs）和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GPx）活性的显著改变。在过氧化氢酶活性方面没有发现改变。给小鼠喂食CCA产生了急性管状坏死。小鼠的研究表明CCA具有致敏作用。在牛中，CCA中毒导致腹泻、虚弱、蹒跚，有时甚至死亡。生态毒性研究：现场研究表明，生长在CCA C型处理木材码头上的绿藻会在藻类中积累高于生长在岩石上的藻类的铜、铬和砷含量。CCA处理导致蜂巢中蜜蜂砷含量增加。CCA处理蜂箱与冬季蜂群损失有关。

IDENTIFICATION AND USE: Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is a chemical wood preservative containing chromium, copper and arsenic. CCA is used in pressure treated wood to protect wood from rotting due to insects and microbial agents. Effective December 31, 2003, no wood treater or manufacturer may treat wood with CCA for residential uses, with certain exceptions. HUMAN EXPOSURE: Itching, burning rashes, neurological symptoms, and breathing problems have been associated with handling unmarked chromated arsenical wood preservatives, including contact with the sap draining from wood treated with chromated arsenical wood preservatives. Two workers were exposed while working with CCA-treated wood. Symptoms reported included headache, nausea, shakiness, and thirst. In another case, pressure treated wood caused a chronic rash that persisted for three years. A 33-year-old man attempted suicide by ingesting an unknown liquid, later identified as a CCA wood preservative, 75 min before his arrival in the emergency department. He was in severe respiratory distress, drooling, tachycardic, and hypotensive. There was an orange color on the palms of both hands. He developed multiple premature atrial contractions and supraventricular tachycardia, and later in the intensive care unit, refractory ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. The patient was declared dead 2.5 hr after his arrival. ANIMAL STUDIES: Exposure to chromium and arsenic induced significant modifications in the redox state of the kidney tissue in mice, evidenced by significant alterations in glutathione-s-transferases (GSTs) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities. No alterations were found concerning the activity of catalase. Administration of CCA to mice produced acute tubular necrosis. The findings in mice suggest that CCA has sensitizing activity. In cows CCA poisoning produced diarrhea, weakness, stumbling, and sometimes death. ECOTOXICITY STUDIES: Field studies demonstrated that green algae growing on CCA Type C treated wood docks would accumulate copper, chromium and arsenic above levels in algae growing on rocks. CCA treatment resulted in an increased arsenic content of bees from those hives. CCA treatments of beehives were associated with winter losses of colonies.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 相互作用

铬铜砷酸（CCA）曾用于木材建筑材料的保护，直到2002年被环保局限制。在一段短暂的时间（14-24小时）内，进行了一项关于CCA及其化合物自身影响的比较肾毒性研究。组织病理学和组织化学特征与小鼠肾脏中总砷和铬的浓度进行了相关性分析。动物分别皮下注射了CCA（每千克体重7.2毫克砷和10.2毫克铬）、CrO3（10.2毫克/千克）、As2O5（7.2毫克/千克）和NaCl（0.9%）自身。肾脏切片的组织病理学检查显示，在两个时间段内暴露于CCA的动物组出现了急性管状坏死。尽管处理过的动物和用As2O5和CrO3的溶液处理的动物注射了相同含量的五价砷和六价铬，但CCA暴露的动物肾脏中的砷浓度远高于暴露于As2O5的动物（在14小时和24小时时分别高出32倍和28倍）。然而，铬的消除似乎在用CCA和CrO3自身处理的动物的肾脏中以相似的方式发生。CCA组分的相互作用导致肾脏同时消除这两种分析物的能力显著降低。CCA的肾毒性高于其单独组分的肾毒性，这表明可能存在协同效应。

Chromium copper arsenate (CCA) was used for the protection of wood building materials until the restriction by EPA in 2002. During a short period of time 14-24hr, a comparative nephrotoxicity study was performed regarding the effects of CCA and its compounds per se. Histopathological and histochemical features were correlated with the concentration of the total arsenic and chromium in mice kidney. Animals were subcutaneously injected with CCA (7.2 mg/kg arsenic and 10.2mg/kg chromium per body weight), CrO3 (10.2 mg/kg), As2O5 (7.2 mg/kg) and NaCl (0.9%) per se. The histopathological examination of the renal sections evidenced acute tubular necrosis in the groups of animals exposed to CCA (in both periods of time). Although the same contents of pentavalent arsenic and hexavalent chromium were injected in treated animals with CCA and with the prepared solutions of As2O5 and CrO3, the arsenic concentration on kidneys of CCA-exposed animals was much higher than those in animals exposed to As2O5 (32- and 28-fold higher at 14 and 24 hr, respectively). However, the elimination of chromium seems to occur similarly in the kidneys of animals treated with CCA and CrO(3) per se. Interactions among the components of CCA result in a marked decrease of the ability of kidney to eliminate simultaneously both analytes. The nephrotoxicity of CCA was higher than its components per se, evidencing a possible synergetic effect.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 立即急救：将患者从接触物质中移开。确保已经进行了充分的去污处理。如果患者停止呼吸，开始人工呼吸，最好使用需求阀复苏器、袋阀面罩装置或口袋面罩，按训练操作。根据需要执行心肺复苏。立即用缓慢流动的水冲洗受污染的眼睛。不要催吐。如果发生呕吐，让患者前倾或置于左侧（如果可能的话，头部向下）以保持呼吸道畅通，防止吸入。保持患者安静，维持正常体温。获取医疗救助。 /砷及其相关化合物/

/SRP:/ Immediate first aid: Remove patient from contact with the material. Ensure that adequate decontamination has been carried out. If patient is not breathing, start artificial respiration, preferably with a demand-valve resuscitator, bag-valve-mask device, or pocket mask, as trained. Perform CPR as necessary. Immediately flush contaminated eyes with gently flowing water. Do not induce vomiting. If vomiting occurs, lean patient forward or place on left side (head-down position, if possible) to maintain an open airway and prevent aspiration. Keep patient quiet and maintain normal body temperature. Obtain medical attention. /Arsenic and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 基本治疗：建立专利气道（如有必要，使用口咽或鼻咽气道）。如有必要，进行吸痰。观察呼吸不足的迹象，如有必要，协助通气。通过非循环呼吸面罩以10至15升/分钟的速度给予氧气。监测休克并视必要进行治疗……监测肺水肿并视必要进行治疗……如有必要，治疗癫痫……对于眼睛污染，立即用水冲洗眼睛。在转运过程中，用0.9%的生理盐水（NS）持续冲洗每只眼睛……不要使用催吐剂。对于摄入，如果患者能吞咽、有强烈的干呕反射且不流口水，则用水冲洗口腔，并给予5毫升/千克，最多200毫升的水进行稀释。给予活性炭……/砷和相关化合物/

/SRP:/ Basic treatment: Establish a patent airway (oropharyngeal or nasopharyngeal airway, if needed). Suction if necessary. Watch for signs of respiratory insufficiency and assist ventilations if necessary. Administer oxygen by nonrebreather mask at 10 to 15 L/min. Monitor for shock and treat if necessary ... . Monitor for pulmonary edema and treat if necessary ... . Treat seizures if necessary ... . For eye contamination, flush eyes immediately with water. Irrigate each eye continuously with 0.9% saline (NS) during transport ... . Do not use emetics. For ingestion, rinse mouth and administer 5 mL/kg up to 200 mL of water for dilution if the patient can swallow, has a strong gag reflex, and does not drool. Administer activated charcoal ... . /Arsenic and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

毒理性

• 解毒与急救

/SRP:/ 高级治疗：对于失去意识、严重肺水肿或严重呼吸困难的病人，考虑进行口咽或鼻咽气管插管以控制气道。使用气囊面罩装置的正压通气技术可能有益。考虑使用药物治疗肺水肿……。监测心率和必要时治疗心律失常……。开始静脉输注D5W /SRP: "保持开放"，最低流量/。如果出现低血容量的迹象，使用0.9%生理盐水（NS）或乳酸林格氏液（LR）。对于伴有低血容量迹象的低血压，谨慎给予液体。如果病人在正常液体量时仍低血压，考虑使用血管加压药。注意观察液体过载和肺水肿的迹象……。用安定或劳拉西泮治疗癫痫……。使用丙美卡因氢氯化物协助眼部冲洗……。/砷和相关化合物/

/SRP:/ Advanced treatment: Consider orotracheal or nasotracheal intubation for airway control in the patient who is unconscious, has severe pulmonary edema, or is in severe respiratory distress. Positive-pressure ventilation techniques with a bag valve mask device may be beneficial. Consider drug therapy for pulmonary edema ... . Monitor cardiac rhythm and treat arrhythmias if necessary ... . Start IV administration of D5W /SRP: "To keep open", minimal flow rate/. Use 0.9% saline (NS) or lactated Ringer's (LR) if signs of hypovolemia are present. For hypotension with signs of hypovolemia, administer fluid cautiously. Consider vasopressors if patient is hypotensive with a normal fluid volume. Watch for signs of fluid overload and pulmonary edema ... . Treat seizures with diazepam or lorazepam ... . Use proparacaine hydrochloride to assist eye irrigation ... . /Arsenic and related compounds/

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

最近，不是通过使用放射性标记的质量平衡方法，而是通过使用化学分析方法...测量了恒河猴对CCA处理木材残留物和含砷土壤的皮肤吸收，并观察到无论是来自CCA处理木材表面残留物还是含砷土壤的砷皮肤吸收都远低于已发布的砷在水中吸收的结果（CCA处理木材残留物的吸收率大约为0.01%，含砷土壤的吸收率为0.5%或更低）。

Recently, instead of using the radio-labeled mass balance approach, by using a chemical analysis approach ... the dermal absorption of CCA-treated wood residues and arsenic-containing soil in the rhesus monkey /were measured/, and observed that dermal absorption of arsenic both from CCA-treated wood surface residue and arsenic containing soil were much lower (approximately 0.01% for CCA-treated wood residues and 0.5% or less for arsenic containing soil) compared to the results published for arsenic in water.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

这项研究旨在评估从用铬酸铜砷酸（CCA）处理的木材表面残留物中砷的皮肤吸收情况。在这项工作中，使用了两种形式的砷。首先，将溶液中的砷应用于猴子皮肤，以校准模型以对抗先前的吸收研究，并作为从CCA处理木材残留物中吸收砷的比较基础。第二种底物是存在于CCA处理木材表面的残留物。这项研究的结果表明，从CCA处理木材残留物中砷的吸收很差（即，不会导致尿砷排泄超过背景水平）。

This study was conducted to evaluate the dermal absorption of arsenic from residues present on the surface of wood preserved with chromated copper arsenate (CCA). ... Two forms of arsenic were administered in this work. The first, arsenic in solution, was applied to the skin of monkeys to calibrate the model against prior absorption research and to serve as the basis of comparison for absorption of arsenic from CCA-treated wood residues. The second substrate was residue that resides on the surface of CCA-treated wood. Results from this research ... show that arsenic is poorly absorbed from CCA-treated wood residues (i.e., does not result in urinary arsenic excretion above background levels).

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

吸收、分配和排泄

铬酸铜砷（CCA）处理的木材中含有的砷，在游乐场和其他户外设备中广泛使用，可以在木材表面残留。这引发了关于儿童在CCA处理过的游乐场上玩耍可能带来的健康风险的担忧。在一项初步研究中，评估了11名儿童（13-71个月）的家庭，这些家庭有的有CCA处理过的游乐场，有的没有。通过接触后的手部冲洗和尿液检测总砷含量。采集了木材、土壤、覆盖物以及合成擦拭物的样本，用于检测总砷含量。在没有CCA处理的游乐场和处理过的游乐场中，木材砷含量分别为<2.0 mg/kg和平均砷含量2370 mg/kg（范围1440-3270 mg/kg）；土壤砷含量分别为<3.0 mg/kg和平均砷含量19 mg/kg（范围4.0-42 mg/kg）；在一个没有CCA处理的游乐场的覆盖物砷含量为0.4 mg/kg，而两个CCA处理的游乐场的覆盖物砷含量分别为0.6和69 mg/kg。在没有CCA处理的游乐场使用合成擦拭物去除的砷<0.5 ug，而在CCA处理的木材上的平均砷含量为117 ug（范围1.0-313）。在非CCA处理游乐场玩耍的儿童手部冲洗液中砷的质量<0.2 ug，而在CCA处理游乐场玩耍的儿童手部冲洗液中砷的平均质量为0.6 ug（范围<0.2-1.9）。所有评估儿童的平均尿总砷水平为13.6 pg/mL（范围7.2-23.1 pg/mL），但接触CCA游乐场与尿砷水平之间没有关联。没有进行砷形态分析。这项关于CCA处理木材游乐场的初步研究观察到了11名儿童在短暂玩耍接触后手上的可脱落砷。未来的工作应该增加儿童的数量和玩耍接触的时间，并包含形态分析，以便区分不同的砷来源。

Arsenic from chromated copper arsenate (CCA)-treated wood, widely used in playgrounds and other outdoor equipment, can persist as surface residues on wood. This raises concerns about possible health risks associated with children playing on CCA-treated playgrounds. In a Pilot Study, 11 children (13-71 months) in homes with and without CCA-treated playgrounds were evaluated with post-exposure hand rinses and urine for total arsenic. Samples of wood, soil, and mulch, as well as synthetic wipes, were sampled for total arsenic. In non-CCA-treated playgrounds vs. CCA-treated playgrounds, respectively, wood arsenic was <2.0 mg/kg vs. mean arsenic 2370 mg/kg (range 1440-3270 mg/kg); soil arsenic was <3.0 mg/kg vs. mean arsenic of 19 mg/kg (range 4.0-42 mg/kg); mulch arsenic at one non-CCA-treated playground was 0.4 mg/kg vs. two CCA-treated playgrounds of 0.6 and 69 mg/kg. The arsenic removed using a synthetic wipe at non-CCA-treated playgrounds was <0.5 ug, while mean arsenic from CCA-treated wood was 117 ug (range 1.0-313). The arsenic mass from hand rinses for children who played at non-CCA-treated playgrounds was <0.2 ug, while mean arsenic mass was 0.6 ug (range <0.2-1.9) at CCA-treated playgrounds. Mean urinary total arsenic levels were 13.6 pg/mL (range 7.2-23.1 pg/mL) for all children evaluated, but there was no association between access to CCA-playgrounds and urinary arsenic levels. Arsenic speciation was not performed. This preliminary Pilot Study of CCA-treated wood playgrounds observed dislodgeable arsenic on 11 children's hands after brief periods of play exposure. Future efforts should increase the number of children and the play exposure periods, and incorporate speciation in order to discriminate between various sources of arsenic.

来源:Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB)

安全信息

• 危险等级：
  6.1(a)