Structural Modification of the P2‘ Position of 2,7-Dialkyl-Substituted 5(S)-Amino-4(S)-hydroxy-8-phenyl-octanecarboxamides: The Discovery of Aliskiren, a Potent Nonpeptide Human Renin Inhibitor Active after Once Daily Dosing in Marmosets
摘要:
Due to its function in the rate limiting initial step of the renin-angiotensin system, renin is a particularly promising target for drugs designed to control hypertension, a growing risk to health worldwide. Despite vast efforts over more than two decades, no orally efficacious renin inhibitor had reached the market. As a result of a structure-based topological design approach, we have identified a novel class of small-molecule inhibitors with good oral blood-pressure lowering effects in primates. Further lead optimization aimed for improvement of in vivo potency and duration of action, mainly by P2' modifications at the hydroxyethylene transition-state isostere. These efforts resulted in the discovery of aliskiren (46, CGP060536B, SPP100), a highly potent, selective inhibitor of renin, demonstrating excellent efficacy in sodium-depleted marmosets after oral administration, with sustained duration of action in reducing dose-dependently mean arterial blood pressure. Aliskiren has recently received regulatory approval by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hypertension.
Methods of treating alzheimer's disease using aryl alkanoic acid amides
申请人:John Varghese
公开号:US20060154926A1
公开(公告)日:2006-07-13
Disclosed are methods for treating Alzheimer's disease, and other diseases, and/or inhibiting beta-secretase enzyme, and/or inhibiting deposition of A beta peptide in a mammal, by use of compounds of formula (1) wherein the variables R
1
-R
8
and X are defined herein.
AbstractFormal CH2 insertion in bioconjugates composed of 1′‐aminoferrocene‐1‐carboxylic acid (Fca) and alanine Boc‐Ala‐Fca‐Ala‐OCH3 gives Fca bioconjugates with the β‐amino acid (S)‐3‐amino‐2‐methylpropanoic acid (Aib). The novel homologous conjugates of ferrocene were fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods. NMR, CD and IR spectroscopy in concert with DFT calculations suggest that the formal “L‐Ala–to–(S)‐β‐Aib mutations” can exert ferrocene helix inversion due to the different stereogenic carbon atoms of L‐Ala and (S)‐β‐Aib. Furthermore, the mutation (de‐)stabilizes the conserved secondary structure with two intramolecular hydrogen bonds, depending on the “mutation site”. The systematic work presented provides a firm basis for understanding the factors that determine folding in bioconjugates of ferrocene and β‐amino acids and will guide the rational design of metallocene peptidomimetics incorporating β‐amino acids.