The neurotensinreceptor subtype 2 (NTS2) is involved in the modulation of tonic pain sensitivity and psychiatric diseases and is, therefore, regarded as a highly attractive pharmacological target protein. Aiming to discover NTS2 selective ligands, we herein describe the identification of screening hits and the chemical synthesis of structural variants leading to the highly potent and NTS2 selective
Insulin is a lifesaver for millions of diabetic patients. There is a need for new insulinanalogues with more physiological profiles and analogues that will be thermally more stable than humaninsulin. Here, we describe the chemical engineering of 48 insulinanalogues that were designed to have changed binding specificities toward isoforms A and B of the insulin receptor (IR-A and IR-B). We systematically
胰岛素是数百万糖尿病患者的救星。需要具有更多生理特性的新型胰岛素类似物以及比人胰岛素热稳定性更高的类似物。在这里,我们描述了 48 种胰岛素类似物的化学工程,这些类似物旨在改变对胰岛素受体亚型 A 和 B(IR-A 和 IR-B)的结合特异性。我们在 B 链的 C 端、A 链的 N 端以及 A14 和 A18 位点系统地修饰了胰岛素。我们发现了一种胰岛素类似物,其 B31 处具有 Cα-羧酰胺化 Glu,B29 处具有 Ala,并且其结合特异性增强了 3 倍以上,有利于“代谢”IR-B 同工型。该类似物在 37°C 下更能抵抗胰岛素原纤维的形成,并且在小鼠体内比人胰岛素更有效。因此,[Ala B29 ,Glu B31 ,酰胺B31 ]-胰岛素可能对进一步的临床评估有意义。
N-substituted oligomers and methods for their synthesis, e.g. polyglycine bearing nucleic acid bases
申请人:CHIRON CORPORATION
公开号:EP1258492A1
公开(公告)日:2002-11-20
Poly N-substituted Glycines (poly NSGs), wherein the substituents bear purine or pyrimidine bases (R9) every second glycine:
In addition, a solid phase method for the synthesis of N-substituted oligomers of more general structures is disclosed.The poly NSGs obtainable by this method can have a wide variety of side-chain substituents. Each N-substituted glycine monomer is assembled from two "sub-monomers" directly on the solid support. Each cycle of monomer addition consists of two steps: (1) acylation of a secondary amine bound to the support with an acylating agent comprising a leaving group capable of nucleophilic displacement by -NH2, such as a haloacetic acid, and (2) introduction of the side-chain by nucleophilic displacement of the leaving group, such as halogen (as a resin-bound α-haloacetamide) with a sufficient amount of a second sub-monomer comprising an -NH2 group, such as a primary amine, alkoxyamine, semicarbazide, acyl hydrazide, carbazate or the like. Repetition of the two step cycle of acylation and displacement gives the desired oligomers. The efficient synthesis of a wide variety of oligomeric NSGs using the automated synthesis technology of the present method makes these oligomers attractive candidates for the generation and rapid screening of diverse peptidomimetic libraries. The oligomers of the invention, such as N-substituted glycines (i.e. poly NSGs) disclosed here provide a new class of peptide-like compounds not found in nature, but which are synthetically accessible and have been shown to possess significant biological activity and proteolytic stability.
A rational design approach was followed to develop peptidomimetic analogues of a cytotoxic T-cell epitope capable of stimulating T-cell responses as strong as or stronger (heteroclytic) than those of parental antigenic peptides. The work described herein focused on structural alterations of the central amino acids of the melanoma tumor-associated antigenic peptide Melan-A/MART-1(26-35) using nonpeptidic units. A screening was first realized in silico to select altered peptides potentially capable of fitting at the interface between the major histocompatibilty complex (MHC) class-I HLA-A2 molecule and T-cell receptors (TCRs). Two compounds appeared to be high-affinity ligands to the HLA-A2 molecule and stimulated several Melan-A/MART-1 specific T-cell clones. Most remarkably, one of them even managed to amplify the response of one clone. Together, these results indicate that central TCR-contact residues of antigenic peptides can be replaced by nonpeptidic motifs without loss of binding affinity to MHC class-I molecules and T-cell triggering capacity.