Synthesis and conformational analysis of<scp>d</scp>-2′-deoxy-2′,2′-difluoro-4′-dihydro-4′-thionucleosides
作者:Feng Zheng、Lin Fu、Renxiao Wang、Feng-Ling Qing
DOI:10.1039/b914679b
日期:——
An efficient synthesis of D-2â²-deoxy-2â²,2â²-difluoro-4â²-dihydro-4â²-thionucleosides is described. The conformations of D-2â²-deoxy-2â²,2â²-difluoro-4â²-dihydro-4â²-thiouridine were studied by X-ray crystallography, NMR spectroscopy and molecular modeling in an attempt to explore the roles of the two gem-difluorine atoms in the puckering preferences of the thiosugar ring. No matter which conformation (south or north) the thiosugar adopts, there is always one fluorine in a pseudoaxial position, with the other in a pseudoequitorial position and thus the strong antiperiplanar (ap) effects from CâH and CâC Ï-bonds to Ï*CâF are equal to each other in these two conformers. Therefore, the other weak effects, such as dipoleâdipole interactions and electrostatic attractions, become more important for determining the overall conformation of the sugar ring. Based on the results of NMR spectroscopy, high-level quantum computations and molecular dynamic simulations were performed to study the preferred pucker of the thiosugar ring in solution. Our results showed that the strong antiperiplanar preference of CâH and CâC Ï-bonds to Ï*CâF and Ï*CâO seemed to be responsible for the favored S-conformation in solution, and the weak electrostatic attractions between δ+C2âFβδâ and δ+H6âC6δ- may stabilize the preferred structure further, and keep the base moiety in a high anti-rotamer population in solution. In contrast, the packing forces (hydrogen bond OHâ¯OC, dipoleâdipole interaction CâFâ¯CO) in the solid state compensated the energetic disadvantage of the relatively less stable N-conformation, and drove the thiouridine to crystallize in the N-conformation. These results, along with the earlier empirical rules regarding proton chemical shifts in carbohydrates and nucleosides, were used to propose a method based on proton chemical shifts for the analysis of the NâS equilibrium of the fluorinated sugar ring.
描述了一种高效合成D-2′-脱氧-2′,2′-二氟-4′-氢化-4′-硫核苷的方法。通过X射线晶体学、核磁共振光谱学和分子建模研究了D-2′-脱氧-2′,2′-二氟-4′-氢化-4′-硫尿苷的构象,以探讨两个gem-二氟原子在硫糖环的弯曲偏好中的作用。无论硫糖采用哪种构象(南向或北向),总有一个氟原子处于伪轴向位置,另一个在伪赤道位置,因此C–H和C–C σ键对σ*C–F的强反平面(ap)效应在这两种构象中是相等的。因此,其他弱效应,如偶极-偶极相互作用和静电吸引,在决定糖环的整体构象时变得更加重要。根据核磁共振光谱学的结果,进行高水平量子计算和分子动态模拟以研究溶液中硫糖环的首选弯曲。我们的结果表明,C–H和C–C σ键对σ*C–F和σ*C–O的强反平面偏好似乎是溶液中优选S构象的原因,而δ+C2–Fβδ-和δ+H6–C6δ-之间的弱静电吸引可能进一步稳定了首选结构,并保持基础部分在溶液中较高的反式构象比例。相反,固态中的堆积力(氢键OH¯OC,偶极-偶极相互作用C–F¯CO)弥补了相对不太稳定的N构象的能量劣势,并促使硫尿苷以N构象结晶。这些结果,以及早期关于碳水化合物和核苷中质子化学位移的经验法则,被用于提出一种基于质子化学位移的方法,以分析氟化糖环的N≡S平衡。