Intrinsic electrophilicity of the 4-methylsulfonyl-2-pyridone scaffold in glucokinase activators: Role of glutathione-S-transferases and in vivo quantitation of a glutathione conjugate in rats
摘要:
Previous studies on the in vitro metabolism of 4-alkylsulfonyl-2-pyridone-based glucokinase activators revealed a facile, non-enzymatic displacement of the 4-alkylsulfonyl group by glutathione. In the present studies, a role for glutathione-S-transferases (GST) as catalysts in the desulfonylation reaction was demonstrated using a combination of human liver microsomes, human liver cytosol and human GSTs. The identification of a glutathione conjugate in circulation following intravenous administration of a candidate 4-methylsulfonyl-2-pyridone to rats confirmed the relevance of the in vitro findings. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Intrinsic electrophilicity of the 4-methylsulfonyl-2-pyridone scaffold in glucokinase activators: Role of glutathione-S-transferases and in vivo quantitation of a glutathione conjugate in rats
摘要:
Previous studies on the in vitro metabolism of 4-alkylsulfonyl-2-pyridone-based glucokinase activators revealed a facile, non-enzymatic displacement of the 4-alkylsulfonyl group by glutathione. In the present studies, a role for glutathione-S-transferases (GST) as catalysts in the desulfonylation reaction was demonstrated using a combination of human liver microsomes, human liver cytosol and human GSTs. The identification of a glutathione conjugate in circulation following intravenous administration of a candidate 4-methylsulfonyl-2-pyridone to rats confirmed the relevance of the in vitro findings. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Discovery and synthesis of 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-pyrimido-[4,5-d]azepines as novel TRPV1 antagonists
作者:Natalie A. Hawryluk、Jeffrey E. Merit、Alec D. Lebsack、Bryan J. Branstetter、Michael D. Hack、Nadia Swanson、Hong Ao、Michael P. Maher、Anindya Bhattacharya、Qi Wang、Jamie M. Freedman、Brian P. Scott、Alan D. Wickenden、Sandra R. Chaplan、J. Guy Breitenbucher
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.023
日期:2010.12
Utilization of a tetrahydro-pyrimdoazepine core as a bioisosteric replacement for a piperazine-urea resulted in the discovery a novel series of potent antagonists of TRPV1. The tetrahydro-pyrimdoazepines have been identified as having good in vitro and in vivo potency and acceptable physical properties.
USE OF SUBSTITUTED SPIROCYCLIC SULFONAMIDOCARBOXYLIC ACIDS, CARBOXYLIC ESTERS THEREOF, CARBOXAMIDES THEREOF AND CARBONITRILES THEREOF OR SALTS THEREOF FOR ENHANCEMENT OF STRESS TOLERANCE IN PLANTS
申请人:Frackenpohl Jens
公开号:US20140038822A1
公开(公告)日:2014-02-06
Use of substituted spirocyclic sulfonamidocarboxylic acids, -carboxylic esters, -carboxamides and -carbonitriles or salts thereof for enhancement of stress tolerance in plants.
The invention relates to the use of spirocyclic sulfonamidocarboxylic acids, -carboxylic esters, -carboxamides and -carbonitriles or salts thereof of the formula (I)
in which the respective substituents have the meanings given in the description, for increasing stress tolerance in plants with respect to abiotic stress, and also for increasing plant growth and/or for increasing plant yield.
Intrinsic electrophilicity of the 4-methylsulfonyl-2-pyridone scaffold in glucokinase activators: Role of glutathione-S-transferases and in vivo quantitation of a glutathione conjugate in rats
作者:John Litchfield、Raman Sharma、Karen Atkinson、Kevin J. Filipski、Stephen W. Wright、Jeffrey A. Pfefferkorn、Beijing Tan、Rachel E. Kosa、Benjamin Stevens、Meihua Tu、Amit S. Kalgutkar
DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.08.095
日期:2010.11
Previous studies on the in vitro metabolism of 4-alkylsulfonyl-2-pyridone-based glucokinase activators revealed a facile, non-enzymatic displacement of the 4-alkylsulfonyl group by glutathione. In the present studies, a role for glutathione-S-transferases (GST) as catalysts in the desulfonylation reaction was demonstrated using a combination of human liver microsomes, human liver cytosol and human GSTs. The identification of a glutathione conjugate in circulation following intravenous administration of a candidate 4-methylsulfonyl-2-pyridone to rats confirmed the relevance of the in vitro findings. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.