摩熵化学
数据库官网
小程序
打开微信扫一扫
首页 分子通 化学资讯 化学百科 反应查询 关于我们
请输入关键词

betamethasone | 50-02-2

中文名称
——
中文别名
——
英文名称
betamethasone
英文别名
dexamethasone;DEX;Celestone;9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-hydroxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
betamethasone化学式
CAS
50-02-2;378-44-9;1249-18-9;2990-65-0
化学式
C22H29FO5
mdl
MFCD00066763
分子量
392.468
InChiKey
UREBDLICKHMUKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
BEILSTEIN
——
EINECS
——
  • 物化性质
  • 计算性质
  • ADMET
  • 安全信息
  • SDS
  • 制备方法与用途
  • 上下游信息
  • 反应信息
  • 文献信息
  • 表征谱图
  • 同类化合物
  • 相关功能分类
  • 相关结构分类

物化性质

  • 熔点:
    235-237°C
  • 比旋光度:
    D +108° (acetone)
  • 沸点:
    568.2±50.0 °C(Predicted)
  • 密度:
    1.1283 (estimate)
  • 溶解度:
    几乎不溶于水,微溶于无水乙醇,极微溶于二氯甲烷。
  • LogP:
    2.01 at 25℃

计算性质

  • 辛醇/水分配系数(LogP):
    1.9
  • 重原子数:
    28
  • 可旋转键数:
    2
  • 环数:
    4.0
  • sp3杂化的碳原子比例:
    0.73
  • 拓扑面积:
    94.8
  • 氢给体数:
    3
  • 氢受体数:
    6

ADMET

毒理性
  • 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响
◉ 母乳喂养期间使用总结:由于只有大量使用最强效的皮质类固醇可能会导致母体系统性影响,因此短期应用局部皮质类固醇不太可能通过进入母乳而对哺乳婴儿构成风险。然而,尽量使用最弱效的药物,并且只在最小的皮肤面积上使用将是谨慎的做法。特别重要的是确保婴儿的皮肤不直接接触涂抹了药物的区域。只有低效力的皮质类固醇应该用在乳头或乳晕上,因为婴儿可能会直接从皮肤上摄入药物;应避免在乳头上使用局部倍他米松。倍他米松软膏在治疗哺乳期间乳头疼痛方面似乎没有比羊毛脂更有优势。应该只用可溶于水的乳膏或凝胶产品涂抹乳房,因为药膏可能会使婴儿通过舔食暴露于高水平的矿物石蜡。如果局部皮质类固醇应用于乳房或乳头区域,应在哺乳前彻底擦除。 ◉ 对哺乳婴儿的影响:将一种具有相对较高盐皮质激素活性的局部皮质类固醇(异氟泼尼松醋酸酯)应用于母亲的乳头,导致她2个月大的哺乳婴儿出现QT间期延长、库欣综合征外貌、严重高血压、生长减缓和电解质异常。这位母亲从出生时起就因为乳头疼痛而使用该乳膏。 一位正在哺乳(具体程度未说明)的新生儿母亲被用口服泼尼松龙25毫克/日治疗天疱疮,剂量在2周内增加到60毫克/日。她还每天服用西替利嗪10毫克,并每天两次在病变处使用0.1%的局部倍他米松。由于反应不佳,将倍他米松改为0.05%的克洛贝他索丙酸酯软膏。她在整个治疗期间继续哺乳,她的婴儿在8周大及以后发育正常。 ◉ 对泌乳和母乳的影响:在一项随机双盲试验中,将羊毛脂与一种全效乳头膏进行比较,该膏剂含有0.05%的倍他米松、1%的莫匹罗星和2%的咪康唑,用于产后前两周哺乳期间的乳头疼痛。两种治疗方法在减轻乳头疼痛、乳头愈合时间、哺乳持续时间、哺乳专一率、乳腺炎和乳头症状、副作用或母亲对治疗的满意度方面同样有效。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Since only extensive application of the most potent corticosteroids may cause systemic effects in the mother, it is unlikely that short-term application of topical corticosteroids would pose a risk to the breastfed infant by passage into breastmilk. However, it would be prudent to use the least potent drug on the smallest area of skin possible. It is particularly important to ensure that the infant's skin does not come into direct contact with the areas of skin that have been treated. Only the lower potency corticosteroids should be used on the nipple or areola where the infant could directly ingest the drugs from the skin; topical betamethasone should be avoided on the nipple. Betamethasone ointment appears to have no advantage over lanolin for treating sore nipples during breastfeeding. Only water-miscible cream or gel products should be applied to the breast because ointments may expose the infant to high levels of mineral paraffins via licking. Any topical corticosteroid should be wiped off thoroughly prior to nursing if it is being applied to the breast or nipple area. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Topical application of a corticosteroid with relatively high mineralocorticoid activity (isofluprednone acetate) to the mother's nipples resulted in prolonged QT interval, cushingoid appearance, severe hypertension, decreased growth and electrolyte abnormalities in her 2-month-old breastfed infant. The mother had used the cream since birth for painful nipples. A woman who was nursing (extent not stated) her newborn infant was treated for pemphigus with oral prednisolone 25 mg daily, with the dosage increased over 2 weeks to 60 mg daily. She was also taking cetirizine 10 mg daily and topical betamethasone 0.1% twice daily to the lesions. Because of a poor response, the betamethasone was changed to clobetasol propionate ointment 0.05%. She continued breastfeeding throughout treatment and her infant was developing normally at 8 weeks of age and beyond. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:In a randomized, double-bind trial, lanolin was compared to an all-purpose nipple ointment containing betamethasone 0.05%, mupirocin 1%, and miconazole 2% for painful nipples while nursing in the first 2 weeks postpartum. The two treatments were equally effective in reducing nipple pain, nipple healing time, breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding exclusivity rate, mastitis and nipple symptoms, side effects or maternal satisfaction with treatment.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)
毒理性
  • 在妊娠和哺乳期间的影响
哺乳期间使用总结:倍他米松在哺乳期间并未得到充分研究。由于倍他米松的强效性和低蛋白结合,它会倾向于进入乳汁,因此最好避免使用,转而选择作用时间更短、研究更充分的替代品。在早产儿分娩前3到9天使用倍他米松可能会降低部分妇女的产后泌乳量。局部注射,例如用于腱炎的,不会预期对哺乳婴儿产生任何不良影响,但可能会偶尔导致暂时性的乳汁供应减少。详见倍他米松,外用。 对哺乳婴儿的影响:使用任何皮质类固醇尚未有报告。 对泌乳和母乳的影响:一位母亲肩部注射5.7毫克倍他米松储存型用于治疗滑囊炎,对乳汁供应没有影响。然而,据报道,中到大剂量储存型皮质类固醇关节注射会引起暂时性的泌乳减少。 20世纪70年代的一项双盲研究将早产劳动的孕妇随机分配到两组,一组接受6毫克短效倍他米松磷酸盐加6毫克长效倍他米松醋酸,另一组接受含有6毫克可的松醋酸的对照治疗。后来在试验中,由于反应不完全,剂量加倍。共有560名妇女接受了倍他米松,582名接受了可的松。出院时泌乳的妇女百分比没有差异(分别为32%和30.5%);然而,与今天许多医院的比率相比,这些百分比非常低。 一项对46名在34周妊娠前分娩的妇女的研究发现,分娩前3到9天给予一剂倍他米松(两次肌肉注射,每次11.4毫克,间隔24小时)会导致乳生成II期延迟,并且在分娩后10天内的平均乳汁量较低。如果婴儿在母亲接受皮质类固醇后不到3天或多于10天分娩,乳汁量则不受影响。 一项对87名孕妇的研究发现,如上所述,在妊娠期间给予倍他米松会导致提前刺激乳糖分泌。尽管增加在统计学上是有意义的,但临床重要性似乎很小。
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Betamethasone has not been well studied during breastfeeding. Systemic betamethasone is best avoided in favor of one of the shorter-acting and better studied alternatives because of its potency and low protein binding which would favor its passage into milk. Use of betamethasone 3 to 9 days prior to delivery of a preterm infant might decrease postpartum milk production in some women. Local injections, such as for tendinitis, would not be expected to cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants, but might occasionally cause temporary loss of milk supply. See also Betamethasone, Topical. ◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:None reported with any corticosteroid. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:A 5.7 mg dose of depot betamethasone injected into the shoulder for bursitis had no effect in the milk supply in one mother. However, medium to large doses of depot corticosteroids injected into joints have been reported to cause temporary reduction of lactation. A double-blind study in the 1970s randomized pregnant women in preterm labor to either 6 mg of short-acting betamethasone phosphate plus 6 mg long-acting betamethasone acetate or a control treatment containing 6 mg cortisone acetate. Later in the trial, the doses were doubled because of an incomplete response. A total of 560 women received betamethasone and 582 received cortisone. No difference was seen in the percentage of women lactating at hospital discharge (32% and 30.5%, respectively); however, these percentages are very low compared to the rates in many hospitals today. A study of 46 women who delivered an infant before 34 weeks of gestation found that a course of betamethasone (2 intramuscular injections of 11.4 mg of betamethasone 24 hours apart) given between 3 and 9 days before delivery resulted in delayed lactogenesis II and lower average milk volumes during the 10 days after delivery. Milk volume was not affected if the infant was delivered less than 3 days or more than 10 days after the mother received the corticosteroid. A study of 87 pregnant women found that betamethasone given as above during pregnancy caused a premature stimulation of lactose secretion during pregnancy. Although the increase was statistically significant, the clinical importance appears to be minimal.
来源:Drugs and Lactation Database (LactMed)

安全信息

  • 危险品标志:
    Xn,F,Xi,T
  • 安全说明:
    S45
  • 危险类别码:
    R20/21/22,R40,R36/37/38,R42/43,R43,R11,R23/24/25,R39/23/24/25
  • WGK Germany:
    2
  • 海关编码:
    2937210000
  • 危险品运输编号:
    UN1230 - class 3 - PG 2 - Methanol, solution
  • RTECS号:
    TU3980000
  • 危险标志:
    GHS08
  • 危险性描述:
    H360D
  • 危险性防范说明:
    P201,P280,P308 + P313

SDS

SDS:a9384463fa2974d0925d9c0ccb755db8
查看

制备方法与用途

激素类药物:倍他米松

倍他米松介绍

倍他米松又称培他美松、贝皮质醇、贝氟美松、培氟美松,属于肾上腺皮质激素类药物。它是地塞米松的同分异构体,作用与泼尼松龙和地塞米松相同。该药物具有抗炎、抗风湿、抗过敏和抑制免疫等多种药理作用。

倍他米松的抗炎作用显著强于其他几种常见肾上腺皮质激素(如地塞米松、曲安西龙、氢化可的松)。它可以减轻和防止组织对炎症的反应,减少局部非感染性炎症引起的发热、发红及肿胀。根据研究,0.3毫克倍他米松的抗炎效果与地塞米松0.75毫克、泼尼松5毫克或可的松25毫克相当。

临床应用

倍他米松用于治疗多种疾病和症状,包括活动性风湿病、类风湿性关节炎、红斑狼疮、严重支气管哮喘、严重皮炎、急性白血病、过敏性皮炎、湿疹、神经性皮炎、脂溢性皮炎及瘙痒症等。此外,在某些感染的综合治疗中也有应用。

禁忌症

倍他米松禁用于有严重精神病史、活动性十二指肠或胃溃疡、新近进行过胃肠吻合手术、较重骨质疏松、明显糖尿病、严重高血压,以及病毒、细菌、霉菌感染未能控制的情况下(如脓疱病、体癣、股癣等)。

不良反应

长期使用倍他米松常见的不良反应包括医源性库欣综合征面容和体态改变、体重增加、下肢浮肿、紫纹、易出血倾向、创口愈合不良、痤疮、月经紊乱、骨质疏松及骨折(如脊椎压缩性骨折、长骨病理性骨折)、肌无力、肌萎缩、低血钾综合征、胃肠道刺激(恶心、呕吐)、胰腺炎、消化性溃疡或穿孔等。

生物活性

倍他米松是一种糖皮质激素类固醇,具有显著的抗炎和免疫抑制特性。它对II型糖皮质激素受体具有特异亲合力,并存在于大多数脑区。

体内研究

在妊娠晚期胎羊中,倍他米松可直接收缩外围股动脉血管并减少脑血流量(CBF)。此外,在大鼠实验中发现,倍他米松能够减少NF-κB的活化及肿瘤坏死因子α和IL-1β水平上升,并诱导大脑中IL-10的表达。这些作用与疼痛阈值的变化有关。

倍他米松还能在神经损伤时注射部分减轻神经性痛觉过敏的发展,降低随后升高的脑促炎性细胞因子水平,同时促进抗炎细胞因子IL-10的表达。此外,在成年大鼠肺部中,倍他米松小幅增加胞苷酰转移酶(CT)的表达,并在神经损伤时注射部分减少了炎症性介质。

化学性质

倍他米松为白色结晶粉末,熔点231-234℃。醋酸倍他米松亦为白色结晶粉末,熔点205-208℃。它微溶于丙醇和乙醇,极难溶于氯仿或乙醚,并不溶于水。

用途

倍他米松主要用于抗炎及抗过敏治疗。适用于风湿性关节炎及各种皮肤病等临床病症。

生产方法

醋酸倍他米松通过甲醇-氯仿-水的混合物中以盐酸处理,可转换为倍他米松。

分类与毒性

倍他米松属于有毒物品,具有中毒级别,急性口服小鼠LD50大于4500毫克/公斤。该药物是可燃的,在燃烧时会产生有毒氟化物烟雾。

储运与灭火方法

储存和运输应通风、低温干燥。对于火灾使用干粉、泡沫、沙土、二氧化碳或雾状水作为灭火剂。

上下游信息

  • 上游原料
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量
  • 下游产品
    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 分子量

反应信息

  • 作为反应物:
    描述:
    betamethasone 生成 (8S,9R,10S,11S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-9-fluoro-11,17-dihydroxy-17-(2-methoxyacetyl)-10,13,16-trimethyl-6,7,8,11,12,14,15,16-octahydrocyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-one
    参考文献:
    名称:
    21-alkoxysteroid compounds
    摘要:
    一种21-烷氧基类固醇化合物,其化学式为##STR1##其中R1是具有1到4个碳原子的烷基或甲硫基甲基,R2是具有2到7个碳原子的脂肪酰基,波浪线表示α或β构型具有抗炎活性。
    公开号:
    US04968822A1
  • 作为产物:
    参考文献:
    名称:
    一种地塞米松磷酸钠的制备方法
    摘要:
    本发明涉及一种地塞米松磷酸钠的制备方法,包括以下步骤:开环反应:以醋酸地塞米松环氧物为起始原料,加入HF、DMF,反应3h进行开环反应得到醋酸地塞米松溶液;重结晶:向醋酸地塞米松溶液中加入甲醇进行重结晶得到醋酸地塞米松;碱催化水解:醋酸地塞米松加入到Na2CO3和甲醇中,反应10min后得到地塞米松;焦磷酰氯酯化:将步骤3)得到的地塞米松与焦磷酰氯、THF反应得到地塞米松磷酸酯;中和成盐反应:将步骤4)得到的地塞米松磷酸酯与NaOH、甲醇反应,反应温度20℃~30℃,反应时间1h得到地塞米松磷酸钠。本发明制备地塞米松磷酸钠的步骤简单,原料易得,反应条件温和,适合于工业化生产,且成本低廉。
    公开号:
    CN105348358A
点击查看最新优质反应信息

文献信息

  • Cell-Mediated Assembly of Phototherapeutics
    作者:Weston J. Smith、Nathan P. Oien、Robert M. Hughes、Christina M. Marvin、Zachary L. Rodgers、Junghyun Lee、David S. Lawrence
    DOI:10.1002/anie.201406216
    日期:2014.10.6
    light‐sensitive prodrugs are typically converted to their active forms using short‐wavelength irradiation, which displays poor tissue penetrance. We report herein erythrocyte‐mediated assembly of long‐wavelength‐sensitive phototherapeutics. The activating wavelength of the constructs is readily preassigned by using fluorophores with the desired excitation wavelength λex. Drug release from the erythrocyte carrier
    光激活药物有望以极好的时间和空间分辨率实现控释。然而,光敏前药通常使用短波长照射转化为其活性形式,这显示出较差的组织渗透性。我们在此报告了红细胞介导的长波长敏感光疗剂的组装。通过使用具有所需激发波长λ ex 的荧光团,可以很容易地预先指定构建体的激活波长. 通过标准分析工具和细胞培养中释放的药物的预期生物学后果证实了红细胞载体的药物释放:甲氨蝶呤,与细胞内二氢叶酸还原酶结合;秋水仙碱,抑制微管聚合;地塞米松诱导糖皮质激素受体的核迁移。
  • Biochemically Controlled Release of Dexamethasone Covalently Bound to PEDOT
    作者:Stefano Carli、Claudio Trapella、Andrea Armirotti、Anna Fantinati、Giuliana Ottonello、Alice Scarpellini、Mirko Prato、Luciano Fadiga、Davide Ricci
    DOI:10.1002/chem.201801499
    日期:2018.7.20
    cathodic trigger that reduces PEDOT while enabling the drug to diffuse. This approach has several disadvantages including, for instance, the release of contaminants mainly due to PEDOT decomposition during electrochemical release. Herein we describe a new strategy based on the formation of a chemical linkage between the drug and the conductive polymer. In particular, dexamethasone was successfully integrated
    PEDOT(聚(3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩))是生物医学应用(如神经记录和刺激)中最有前途的电极材料之一,这归功于其增强的生物相容性和电子特性。通过PEDOT进行的药物输送通常是通过在电沉积过程中掺入药物作为掺杂剂来实现的,随后的释放可以通过施加减少PEDOT的阴极触发来促进,同时使药物能够扩散。该方法具有若干缺点,例如包括主要由于电化学释放期间的PEDOT分解而导致的污染物释放。在这里,我们描述了一种基于药物与导电聚合物之间化学键形成的新策略。特别是,地塞米松已成功整合到新型电聚合的PEDOT-Dex复合材料中,
  • Antiinflammatory dexamethasone 17.alpha.-cyclopropanecarboxylates with
    申请人:SS Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
    公开号:US05063222A1
    公开(公告)日:1991-11-05
    Steroid derivatives represented by formula (I) are disclosed. ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, or a group --OCOR.sub.1, wherein R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl group which may be substituted by a halogen atom or a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. The compounds are useful for curing or alleviating inflammation or rheumatism.
    公开了由式(I)所代表的类固醇衍生物。其中,R为氢原子、卤素原子、羟基或基团--OCOR.sub.1,其中R.sub.1为线性或支链烷基,可被卤素原子或环烷基取代,环烷基或芳基。这些化合物对于治疗或缓解炎症或风湿病有用。
  • 一种地塞米松棕榈酸酯的合成方法
    申请人:江苏远大仙乐药业有限公司
    公开号:CN110041391A
    公开(公告)日:2019-07-23
    本发明涉及一种地塞米松棕榈酸酯的合成方法,所述方法为在固体碱及相转移催化剂的催化下,地塞米松与棕榈酸甲酯进行酯交换反应得到目标产物;固体碱及相转移催化剂、蒸除溶剂后得到的棕榈酸甲酯与产品的混合物,循环套用。该方法原料易得、反应条件温和、绿色环保、简单高效、节能,降低了生产成本,改善了操作环境,操作简便,自动化程度高,特别易于实现工业化。
  • NITRATE ESTERS OF CORTICOID COMPOUNDS AND PHARMACEUTICAL APPLICATIONS THEREOF
    申请人:Del Soldato Piero
    公开号:US20080234242A1
    公开(公告)日:2008-09-25
    Compounds of the formula and use of the compounds as medicaments.
    该配方的化合物及其作为药物的用途。
查看更多