◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Since only extensive application of the most potent corticosteroids may cause systemic effects in the mother, it is unlikely that short-term application of topical corticosteroids would pose a risk to the breastfed infant by passage into breastmilk. However, it would be prudent to use the least potent drug on the smallest area of skin possible. It is particularly important to ensure that the infant's skin does not come into direct contact with the areas of skin that have been treated. Only the lower potency corticosteroids should be used on the nipple or areola where the infant could directly ingest the drugs from the skin; topical betamethasone should be avoided on the nipple. Betamethasone ointment appears to have no advantage over lanolin for treating sore nipples during breastfeeding. Only water-miscible cream or gel products should be applied to the breast because ointments may expose the infant to high levels of mineral paraffins via licking. Any topical corticosteroid should be wiped off thoroughly prior to nursing if it is being applied to the breast or nipple area.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:Topical application of a corticosteroid with relatively high mineralocorticoid activity (isofluprednone acetate) to the mother's nipples resulted in prolonged QT interval, cushingoid appearance, severe hypertension, decreased growth and electrolyte abnormalities in her 2-month-old breastfed infant. The mother had used the cream since birth for painful nipples.
A woman who was nursing (extent not stated) her newborn infant was treated for pemphigus with oral prednisolone 25 mg daily, with the dosage increased over 2 weeks to 60 mg daily. She was also taking cetirizine 10 mg daily and topical betamethasone 0.1% twice daily to the lesions. Because of a poor response, the betamethasone was changed to clobetasol propionate ointment 0.05%. She continued breastfeeding throughout treatment and her infant was developing normally at 8 weeks of age and beyond.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:In a randomized, double-bind trial, lanolin was compared to an all-purpose nipple ointment containing betamethasone 0.05%, mupirocin 1%, and miconazole 2% for painful nipples while nursing in the first 2 weeks postpartum. The two treatments were equally effective in reducing nipple pain, nipple healing time, breastfeeding duration, breastfeeding exclusivity rate, mastitis and nipple symptoms, side effects or maternal satisfaction with treatment.
◉ Summary of Use during Lactation:Betamethasone has not been well studied during breastfeeding. Systemic betamethasone is best avoided in favor of one of the shorter-acting and better studied alternatives because of its potency and low protein binding which would favor its passage into milk. Use of betamethasone 3 to 9 days prior to delivery of a preterm infant might decrease postpartum milk production in some women. Local injections, such as for tendinitis, would not be expected to cause any adverse effects in breastfed infants, but might occasionally cause temporary loss of milk supply. See also Betamethasone, Topical.
◉ Effects in Breastfed Infants:None reported with any corticosteroid.
◉ Effects on Lactation and Breastmilk:A 5.7 mg dose of depot betamethasone injected into the shoulder for bursitis had no effect in the milk supply in one mother. However, medium to large doses of depot corticosteroids injected into joints have been reported to cause temporary reduction of lactation.
A double-blind study in the 1970s randomized pregnant women in preterm labor to either 6 mg of short-acting betamethasone phosphate plus 6 mg long-acting betamethasone acetate or a control treatment containing 6 mg cortisone acetate. Later in the trial, the doses were doubled because of an incomplete response. A total of 560 women received betamethasone and 582 received cortisone. No difference was seen in the percentage of women lactating at hospital discharge (32% and 30.5%, respectively); however, these percentages are very low compared to the rates in many hospitals today.
A study of 46 women who delivered an infant before 34 weeks of gestation found that a course of betamethasone (2 intramuscular injections of 11.4 mg of betamethasone 24 hours apart) given between 3 and 9 days before delivery resulted in delayed lactogenesis II and lower average milk volumes during the 10 days after delivery. Milk volume was not affected if the infant was delivered less than 3 days or more than 10 days after the mother received the corticosteroid.
A study of 87 pregnant women found that betamethasone given as above during pregnancy caused a premature stimulation of lactose secretion during pregnancy. Although the increase was statistically significant, the clinical importance appears to be minimal.
作者:Weston J. Smith、Nathan P. Oien、Robert M. Hughes、Christina M. Marvin、Zachary L. Rodgers、Junghyun Lee、David S. Lawrence
DOI:10.1002/anie.201406216
日期:2014.10.6
light‐sensitive prodrugs are typically converted to their active forms using short‐wavelength irradiation, which displays poor tissue penetrance. We report herein erythrocyte‐mediated assembly of long‐wavelength‐sensitive phototherapeutics. The activating wavelength of the constructs is readily preassigned by using fluorophores with the desired excitation wavelength λex. Drug release from the erythrocyte carrier
光激活药物有望以极好的时间和空间分辨率实现控释。然而,光敏前药通常使用短波长照射转化为其活性形式,这显示出较差的组织渗透性。我们在此报告了红细胞介导的长波长敏感光疗剂的组装。通过使用具有所需激发波长λ ex 的荧光团,可以很容易地预先指定构建体的激活波长. 通过标准分析工具和细胞培养中释放的药物的预期生物学后果证实了红细胞载体的药物释放:甲氨蝶呤,与细胞内二氢叶酸还原酶结合;秋水仙碱,抑制微管聚合;地塞米松诱导糖皮质激素受体的核迁移。
Biochemically Controlled Release of Dexamethasone Covalently Bound to PEDOT
cathodic trigger that reduces PEDOT while enabling the drug to diffuse. This approach has several disadvantages including, for instance, the release of contaminants mainly due to PEDOT decomposition during electrochemical release. Herein we describe a new strategy based on the formation of a chemical linkage between the drug and the conductive polymer. In particular, dexamethasone was successfully integrated
Antiinflammatory dexamethasone 17.alpha.-cyclopropanecarboxylates with
申请人:SS Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.
公开号:US05063222A1
公开(公告)日:1991-11-05
Steroid derivatives represented by formula (I) are disclosed. ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxy group, or a group --OCOR.sub.1, wherein R.sub.1 is a linear or branched alkyl group which may be substituted by a halogen atom or a cycloalkyl group, a cycloalkyl group, or an aryl group. The compounds are useful for curing or alleviating inflammation or rheumatism.