Evaluation of Stretching Properties of [7]Thiaheterohelicene Framework Called “Molecular Spring” Using AFM Force Measurements and Electrostatic State Calculations
The stretching properties of a [7]thiaheterohelicene framework, what we call molecular spring, have not been investigated so far, despite a variety of [7]thiaheterohelicene derivatives having very interesting characteristics due to both the rigidity arising from fused benzene rings and the flexibility like a spring originating from helical structure. In this study, a novel [7]thiaheterohelicene derivative, which has a disulfide moiety for bonding to a gold-coated substrate and a carboxy group for reacting with an amino-modified probe tip at each of its end groups, was synthesized in order to elucidate the elasticity of the [7]thiaheterohelicene framework by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The AFM force measurements were carried out using two carboxy-terminated disulfide derivatives with or without a [7]thiaheterohelicene moiety, and the deviation between two kinds of force–extension curves was related to the stretching originating from the [7]thiaheterohelicene framework here. Furthermore, its elasticity was compared to that of biphenyl, which is generally known as a rigid framework, using electrostatic state calculations.
Synthesis, Structure and Properties of Bridged and Unbridged Heterohelicenes
作者:Kazuhiko Tanaka、Yoshinori Kitahara
DOI:10.1080/10426509908546490
日期:1999.1
The structure of a bridged thiaheterohelicene has been determined by X-ray crystallographic method, showing that the helicene framework exhibits significant elasticity and acts as a molecular spring.
通过X射线晶体学方法确定了桥接硫杂杂螺旋烯的结构,表明螺旋骨架具有显着的弹性并充当分子弹簧。
Synthesis, enzymic resolution and enantiomeric enhancement of bis(hydroxymethyl)[7]thiaheterohelicenes
Racemic bis(hydroxymethyl)[7]thiaheterohelicene 9 has been prepared in eight steps (33% overall yield) from 2-(hydroxymethyl)benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b′]dithiophene 1. Lipase (Pseudomonas cepacia)-catalyzed transesterification of diol 9 by vinyl acetate in dichloromethane produces optically stable (P)-bis(hydroxymethyl)[7]thiaheterohelicene [(P)-9] with 98% ee along with the corresponding monoacetate [(M)-10] and the diacetate [(M)-11]. Hydrolysis of acetates (M)-10 and (M)-11 by aq. NaOH gives (M)-9 in 77% and 94% ee, respectively. In contrast, the enzymic resolution of diol 9 with Candida antarctica afforded diol (M)-9 in 92% ee. Column chromatography of optically enriched helicenediol 9 on silica gel shows an enantiomeric enhancement. A possible cause of the phenomenon is discussed.
A series of bridged [7]thiaheterohelicenes 3a-c and 4 with a variety of helical pitches have been prepared from racemic and optical pure 2,13-bis(hydroxymethyl)dithieno[3,2-e:3',2'-e']benzo[1,2-b:4,3-b']bis[1]benzothiophene (1) in order to investigate the helical structures in solution. Recrystallizations of (PM)-3a, (PM)-3b, (PM)-3c, and (P)-4 from hexane-dichloromethane gave crystals suitable for