The invention provides conjugates that comprise a targeting moiety, a nucleic acid, and optional linking groups as well as synthetic intermediates and synthetic methods useful for preparing the conjugates. The conjugates are useful to target therapeutic nucleic acids to the liver and to treat liver diseases including hepatitis (e.g. hepatitis B and hepatitis D).
Modifiable polyunsaturated polymers and processes for their preparation
申请人:Parthiban Anbanandam
公开号:US20060189774A1
公开(公告)日:2006-08-24
The present invention relates to modifiable linear polyunsaturated polymers and processes for preparing the same comprising reacting solely at least one bifunctional nucleophilic compound with at least one α-functional unsaturated monomer. The at least one bifunctional nucleophilic compound of the invention comprises two nucleophiles independently selected from the group consisting of C, N, O, S and Se. The at least one α-functional unsaturated monomer of the invention comprises two leaving groups L
1
and L
2
, wherein at least one of the leaving groups L
1
and L
2
of the at least one α-functional unsaturated monomer is part of the nonaromatic unsaturated structure C═C—C
α
-L. The double bond of said α-functional unsaturated monomer is maintained in the polyunsaturated polymer.
本发明涉及可改性线性多不饱和聚合物以及制备该聚合物的工艺,包括仅使至少一种双官能团亲核化合物与至少一种α官能团不饱和单体反应。本发明的至少一种双官能团亲核化合物包括两个独立选自 C、N、O、S 和 Se 组的亲核物。本发明的至少一种 α-官能团不饱和单体包括两个离去基团 L
1
和 L
2
其中至少一个离去基团 L
1
和 L
2
的至少一个离去基团 L 1 和 L 2 是非芳香族不饱和结构 C═C-C
α
-L.所述 α-官能团不饱和单体的双键保留在多不饱和聚合物中。
Amide interchange reactions
作者:L. F. Beste、R. C. Houtz
DOI:10.1002/pol.1952.120080404
日期:1952.4
Abstract(1) Sebacamide and N,N′‐diacetylhexamethylenediamine interchange to produce acetamide and polyhexamethylene sebacamide. (2) The rate is proportional to the concentrations of the two reacting species and to the square root of carboxyl group concentration. (3) The rate increases with increasing concentration of water. Reagents which had been held in the molten state under high vacuum were still capable of reaction. (4) N‐Substitution decreases the rate constant; the isobutyl group is more effective than methyl in this respect. (5) As an indication of the amount of interchange occurring during a typical polymerization, it is computed that at least 42% of the amide links interchange during the 66 nylon synthesis. This means that it is not feasible to make nonrandom copolyamides by polymerizing together low molecular weight homopolyamides. Interchange does provide for the production of nonrandom copolymers from two or more high molecular weight homopolyamides.