4-N-, 4-S-, and 4-O-Chloroquine Analogues: Influence of Side Chain Length and Quinolyl Nitrogen pKa on Activity vs Chloroquine Resistant Malaria
摘要:
Using predictions from heme-quinoline antimalarial complex structures, previous modifications of chloroquine (CQ), and hypotheses for chloroquine resistance (CQR), we synthesize and assay CQ analogues that test structure-function principles. We vary side chain length for both monoethyl and diethyl 4-N CQ derivatives. We alter the pK(a) of the quinolyl N by introducing alkylthio or alkoxy substituents into the 4 position and vary side chain length for these analogues. We introduce an additional titratable amino group to the side chain of 4-O analogues with promising CQR strain selectivity and increase activity while retaining selectivity. We solve atomic resolution structures for complexes formed between representative 4-N, 4-S, and 4-O derivatives vs mu-oxo dimeric heme, measure binding constants for monomeric vs dimeric heme, and quantify hemozoin (Hz) formation inhibition in vitro. The data provide additional insight for the design of CQ analogues with improved activity vs CQR malaria.
Overcoming Drug Resistance to Heme-Targeted Antimalarials by Systematic Side Chain Variation of 7-Chloro-4-aminoquinolines
作者:Kimberly Yearick、Kekeli Ekoue-Kovi、Daniel P. Iwaniuk、Jayakumar K. Natarajan、John Alumasa、Angel C. de Dios、Paul D. Roepe、Christian Wolf
DOI:10.1021/jm800106u
日期:2008.4.1
Systematic variation of the branching and basicity of the side chain of chloroquine yielded a series of new 7-chloro-4-aminoquinoline derivatives exhibiting high in vitro activity against four different strains of P. falciparum. Many of the compounds tested showed excellent potency against chloroquine sensitive and resistant strains. In particular 4b, 5a, 5b, 5d, 17a, and 17b were found to be significantly more potent than chloroquine against the resistant strains Dd2 and FCB.
4-<i>N</i>-, 4-<i>S</i>-, and 4-<i>O</i>-Chloroquine Analogues: Influence of Side Chain Length and Quinolyl Nitrogen p<i>K</i><sub>a</sub> on Activity vs Chloroquine Resistant Malaria
作者:Jayakumar K. Natarajan、John N. Alumasa、Kimberly Yearick、Kekeli A. Ekoue-Kovi、Leah B. Casabianca、Angel C. de Dios、Christian Wolf、Paul D. Roepe
DOI:10.1021/jm701478a
日期:2008.6.1
Using predictions from heme-quinoline antimalarial complex structures, previous modifications of chloroquine (CQ), and hypotheses for chloroquine resistance (CQR), we synthesize and assay CQ analogues that test structure-function principles. We vary side chain length for both monoethyl and diethyl 4-N CQ derivatives. We alter the pK(a) of the quinolyl N by introducing alkylthio or alkoxy substituents into the 4 position and vary side chain length for these analogues. We introduce an additional titratable amino group to the side chain of 4-O analogues with promising CQR strain selectivity and increase activity while retaining selectivity. We solve atomic resolution structures for complexes formed between representative 4-N, 4-S, and 4-O derivatives vs mu-oxo dimeric heme, measure binding constants for monomeric vs dimeric heme, and quantify hemozoin (Hz) formation inhibition in vitro. The data provide additional insight for the design of CQ analogues with improved activity vs CQR malaria.
[EN] ANTIMALARIAL QUINOLINES AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF<br/>[FR] QUINOLÉINES ANTIPALUDIQUES ET LEURS PROCÉDÉS D'UTILISATION