Hypoxia-Selective Agents Derived from Quinoxaline 1,4-Di-N-oxides
摘要:
Hypoxic cells, which are a common feature of solid tumors, but not normal tissues, are resistant to both anticancer drugs and radiation therapy. Thus the identification of drugs with selective toxicity toward hypoxic cells is an important objective in anticancer chemotherapy. The benzotriazine di-N-oxide (SR 4233, Tirapazamine) has been shown to be an efficient and selective cytotoxin for hypoxic cells. Since the bioreductive activation of Tirapazamine is thought to be due to the presence of the 1,4-di-N-oxide moiety, a series of 3-aminoquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxides with a range of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents in the 6- and/or 7- positions has been synthesized and evaluated for toxicity to hypoxic cells. Electrochemical studies of the quinoxaline di-N-oxides and Tirapazamine showed that as the electron-withdrawing nature of the 6(7)-substituent increases, the reduction potential becomes more positive and the compound is more readily reduced. Apart from the unsubstituted 6a and the 6,7-dimethyl derivative 6c, the quinoxaline di-N-oxides have reduction potentials significantly more positive than Tirapazamine (E(pc)-0.90 V). The most potent cytotoxins to cells in culture were the 6,7,-dichloro and 6,7-difluoro derivatives 6i and 6l, which were 30-fold more potent than Tirapazamine. The 6(7)-fluoro and 6(7)-chloro compounds, 6e and 6h, showed the greatest hypoxia selectivity. Four of the compounds, 6e, 6f, 6h and 6i, killed the inner cells of multicellular tumor spheroids in vitro. In vivo Balb/c mice tolerated a dose of these four compounds twice the size of that of Tirapazamine. This study demonstrates that quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides could provide useful hypoxia-selective therapeutic agents.
Hypoxia-Selective Agents Derived from Quinoxaline 1,4-Di-N-oxides
摘要:
Hypoxic cells, which are a common feature of solid tumors, but not normal tissues, are resistant to both anticancer drugs and radiation therapy. Thus the identification of drugs with selective toxicity toward hypoxic cells is an important objective in anticancer chemotherapy. The benzotriazine di-N-oxide (SR 4233, Tirapazamine) has been shown to be an efficient and selective cytotoxin for hypoxic cells. Since the bioreductive activation of Tirapazamine is thought to be due to the presence of the 1,4-di-N-oxide moiety, a series of 3-aminoquinoxaline-2-carbonitrile 1,4-di-N-oxides with a range of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents in the 6- and/or 7- positions has been synthesized and evaluated for toxicity to hypoxic cells. Electrochemical studies of the quinoxaline di-N-oxides and Tirapazamine showed that as the electron-withdrawing nature of the 6(7)-substituent increases, the reduction potential becomes more positive and the compound is more readily reduced. Apart from the unsubstituted 6a and the 6,7-dimethyl derivative 6c, the quinoxaline di-N-oxides have reduction potentials significantly more positive than Tirapazamine (E(pc)-0.90 V). The most potent cytotoxins to cells in culture were the 6,7,-dichloro and 6,7-difluoro derivatives 6i and 6l, which were 30-fold more potent than Tirapazamine. The 6(7)-fluoro and 6(7)-chloro compounds, 6e and 6h, showed the greatest hypoxia selectivity. Four of the compounds, 6e, 6f, 6h and 6i, killed the inner cells of multicellular tumor spheroids in vitro. In vivo Balb/c mice tolerated a dose of these four compounds twice the size of that of Tirapazamine. This study demonstrates that quinoxaline 1,4-di-N-oxides could provide useful hypoxia-selective therapeutic agents.
Design and the synthesis of
<scp>1‐heteroaryl</scp>
‐1,2,3‐triazoles connected to coumarins via ether linker
作者:Muthipeedika Nibin Joy、Nikolai Beliaev、Tetyana V. Beryozkina、Vasiliy A. Bakulev
DOI:10.1002/jhet.4025
日期:2020.8
In this paper, we report an efficient and versatile methodology for the synthesis of a series of novel heteroaryl‐1,2,3‐triazoles connected to 4‐methylcoumarin (4‐methyl‐2H‐chromen‐2‐one) via oxymethylene linker. The desired molecules were accessed by both two‐step synthesis and the one‐pot copper catalyzed cycloaddition reaction of heteroaromatic azides with coumarin containing acetylenes. The developed
A facile access for the synthesis of 1-hetero(aryl)-1,2,3-triazoles linked to equol under mild conditions
作者:Muthipeedika Nibin Joy、Nikolai Beliaev、Tetyana V. Beryozkina、Vasiliy A. Bakulev
DOI:10.1080/00397911.2020.1792932
日期:2020.10.17
Abstract We herein report a convenient methodology for the synthesis of 1-hetero(aryl)-1,2,3-triazoles linked with equol by utilizing copper-catalyzed azide-alkynecycloaddition reaction under exceptionally mildconditions. The salient features of this developed protocol include: easy isolation process, good to excellent yield of the products and appendage diversity of heteroaryl triazoles. Graphical