Structure–Odor Correlations in Homologous Series of Alkanethiols and Attempts To Predict Odor Thresholds by 3D-QSAR Studies
摘要:
Homologous series of alkane-1-thiols, alkane-2-thiols, alkane-3-thiols, 2-methylalkane-1-thiols, 2-methylalkane-3-thiols, 2-methylalkane-2-thiols, and alkane-1,?-dithiols were synthesized to study the influence of structural changes on odor qualities and odor thresholds. In particular, the odor thresholds were strongly influenced by steric effects: In all homologous series a minimum was observed for thiols with five to seven carbon atoms, whereas increasing the chain length led to an exponential increase in the odor threshold. Tertiary alkanethiols revealed clearly lower odor thresholds than found for primary or secondary thiols, whereas neither a second mercapto group in the molecule nor an additional methyl substitution lowered the threshold. To investigate the impact of the SH group, odor thresholds and odor qualities of thiols were compared to those of the corresponding alcohols and (methylthio)alkanes. Replacement of the SH group by an OH group as well as S-methylation of the thiols significantly increased the odor thresholds. By using comparative molecular field analysis, a 3D quantitative structureactivity relationship model was created, which was able to simulate the odor thresholds of alkanethiols in good agreement with the experimental results. NMR and mass spectrometric data for 46 sulfur-containing compounds are additionally supplied.
SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLES AS MODULATORS OF CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS
申请人:Merck & Co., Inc.
公开号:EP1853260A1
公开(公告)日:2007-11-14
[EN] SUBSTITUTED PYRAZOLES AS MODULATORS OF CHEMOKINE RECEPTORS<br/>[FR] PYRAZOLES SUBSTITUES COMME MODULATEURS DES RECEPTEURS DES CHIMIOKINES
申请人:MERCK & CO INC
公开号:WO2006088813A1
公开(公告)日:2006-08-24
[EN] Substituted pyrazole compounds such compounds represented by formula I: which are used to modulate the CCR-2 chemokine receptor to prevent or treat inflammatory and immunoregulatory disorders and diseases, allergic diseases, atopic conditions including allergic rhinitis, dermatitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma, as well as autoimmune pathologies such as rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis; and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions. [FR] L'invention concerne des composés de pyrazole substitués représentés par la formule I, qui sont utilisés pour moduler le récepteur des chimiokines CCR-2 afin de prévenir ou de traiter des troubles et des maladies inflammatoires et liées à l'immunomodulation, des maladies allergiques, des états atopiques comprenant la rhinite allergique, la dermatite, la conjonctivite et l'asthme, ainsi que des pathologies auto-immunes telles que la polyarthrite rhumatoïde et l'athérosclérose. L'invention concerne aussi des compositions pharmaceutiques comprenant ces composés ainsi que l'utilisation de ces composés et compositions.
Structure–Odor Correlations in Homologous Series of Alkanethiols and Attempts To Predict Odor Thresholds by 3D-QSAR Studies
作者:Johannes Polster、Peter Schieberle
DOI:10.1021/jf506135c
日期:2015.2.11
Homologous series of alkane-1-thiols, alkane-2-thiols, alkane-3-thiols, 2-methylalkane-1-thiols, 2-methylalkane-3-thiols, 2-methylalkane-2-thiols, and alkane-1,?-dithiols were synthesized to study the influence of structural changes on odor qualities and odor thresholds. In particular, the odor thresholds were strongly influenced by steric effects: In all homologous series a minimum was observed for thiols with five to seven carbon atoms, whereas increasing the chain length led to an exponential increase in the odor threshold. Tertiary alkanethiols revealed clearly lower odor thresholds than found for primary or secondary thiols, whereas neither a second mercapto group in the molecule nor an additional methyl substitution lowered the threshold. To investigate the impact of the SH group, odor thresholds and odor qualities of thiols were compared to those of the corresponding alcohols and (methylthio)alkanes. Replacement of the SH group by an OH group as well as S-methylation of the thiols significantly increased the odor thresholds. By using comparative molecular field analysis, a 3D quantitative structureactivity relationship model was created, which was able to simulate the odor thresholds of alkanethiols in good agreement with the experimental results. NMR and mass spectrometric data for 46 sulfur-containing compounds are additionally supplied.
<b>Efficient and Mild Ytterbium(III)-Catalyzed Tosylation of Alcohols</b>
作者:Ralf Schirrmacher、Slobodan Comagic
DOI:10.1055/s-2004-815998
日期:——
Ytterbium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate efficiently catalyzes the reaction of primary and secondary alcohols with toluenesulfonic acid anhydride to yield the alkyl tosylates in high yields. The reactions were carried outunder neutral and mild conditions and product purification was easily achieved by means of short column chromatography.