已针对一系列具有不同电子和空间需求的取代己烯基确定了速率常数数据和Arrhenius参数。相对于捐赠基团(OMe ),直接连接至自由基中心的吸电子基团(CF 3,CO 2 Et)缓慢促进5- exo闭环(25°时k cis + k trans〜2.1 ×10 5 s -1) ;在25°时为1.6×10 5 s -1)。如预期的那样,对空间要求较高的组(叔-Bu )减慢环化过程(1×10 5 s -1)。这些观察结果与5 - exo闭环的活化能的细微变化是一致的。有趣的是,溶剂的性质似乎对该化学有重大影响,随着溶剂极性的增加,顺式/反式立体选择性有时会提高。除了包含CF 3(吸电子)基团的系统显示出环化/捕获速率常数(k c / k H)增加外,k c / k H普遍下降。记录随着溶剂极性增加的比率;据推测,这些变化主要是由于所用各种溶剂中k H的变化引起的。
A short synthesis of (±)-alloyohimbane via a thioisomünchnone based intramolecular dipolar-cycloaddition reaction
摘要:
Thioisomunchnone dipoles were generated by the reaction of bromoalkenoyl chlorides with thioamides. The intramolecular dipolar-cycloaddition reaction was used for a short synthesis of the yohimbanoid alkaloid (+/-)-alloyohimbane. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
C(sp2)-C(sp3) cross-coupling reactions has been studied via the synthesis of novel radical-clock α-halo-esters and quantum mechanical calculations. These results provide insights into the role of the substrate (halogen and substituents) in competing in-cage and out-of-cage arylation pathways and provide a basis for the future rational design of novel tandem cyclization-arylation reactions using bisphosphine-iron
i-Pr2NEt as the reducing agent, N-aryl α-azido tertiary amides were first converted to the corresponding aminyl radicals through reduction of the azido group; the aminyl radicals then underwent N-to-N arylmigration to give α-anilinyl-functionalized amides. α-Azido secondary amides, on the other hand, reacted with the solvent ethanol and i-Pr2NEt to afford the imidazolinone products.
本文报道了 α-叠氮酰胺的两种新的可见光促进自由基反应。通过以i- Pr 2 NEt为还原剂催化[Ir(ppy) 2 (dtbbpy)]PF 6,N-芳基α-叠氮叔酰胺首先通过叠氮基的还原转化为相应的胺基;然后氨基自由基经历 N 到 N 芳基迁移,得到 α-苯胺基官能化的酰胺。另一方面,α-叠氮仲酰胺与溶剂乙醇和i- Pr 2 NEt 反应得到咪唑啉酮产物。
Stereocontrol in Radical Cyclization: Change in Rate-Determining Step
作者:Siddiki S. M. A. Hakim、Takashi Sugimura
DOI:10.1021/ol101370x
日期:2010.8.20
substituent, while the selectivity becomes high to give a single stereoisomer (>99% pure) when the substituent is an aryl group. The difference in the selectivity is attributable to the change in the rate-determiningstep from the conformational process to the cyclization.
A One-Pot Bicycloannulation Method for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroisoquinoline Systems
作者:Albert Padwa、L. Scott Beall、Todd M. Heidelbaugh、Bing Liu、Scott M. Sheehan
DOI:10.1021/jo991742h
日期:2000.5.1
A highly effective method for the synthesis of the core indolo[2,3-a]quinolizidine skeleton found in yohimbine is described. The reaction of N-monosubstituted thioamides with bromoalkenoyl chlorides furnishes thioisomunchnones as transient 1,3-dipoles that undergo ready intramolecular cycloaddition across the tethered pi-bond to give thio-bicycloannulated products in a one-pot operation. The stereochemical outcome of the intramolecular reaction is the consequence of an endo cycloaddition of the neighboring-bond across the transient thioisomunchnone dipole. A major limitation of the method is that when a hydrogen is present in the alpha-position of the thioamide the initially formed thio-N-acyliminium ion undergoes proton loss to produce a S ,N-ketene acetal at a faster rate than dipole formation. Treatment of tetrahydro-beta-carboline-1-thione with 2-bromooct-7-enoyl chloride followed by reductive removal of sulfur from the cycloadduct resulted in the formation of (+/-)-alloyahimbanone. Attempts to cycloadd the thioisomunchnone dipole across several nucleophilic-bonds failed, and instead, products derived from cyclization of the pi-bond onto the initially formed thio-N-acyliminium ion were formed. The resulting N,S-ketals were further converted into several tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids in good yield.