ATP-Citrate Lyase as a Target for Hypolipidemic Intervention. Design and Synthesis of 2-Substituted Butanedioic Acids as Novel, Potent Inhibitors of the Enzyme
摘要:
ATP-citrate lyase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. Inhibitors of the enzyme represent a potentially novel class of hypolipidemic agent, which are anticipated to have combined hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic properties. A series of a-substituted butanedioic acids have been designed and synthesized as inhibitors of the enzyme, The best compounds, 58, 68, 71, 74 have reversible K-i's in the 1-3 mu M range against the isolated rat enzyme, As representative of this compound class, 58, has been shown to exert its inhibitory action through a mainly competitive mechanism with respect to citrate and a noncompetitive one with respect to CoA. None of the inhibitors were able to inhibit cholesterol and/or fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 cells. This has been attributed to the adverse physicochemical properties of the molecules leading to a lack of cell penetration. Despite this, a lead structural class of compound has been identified with the potential for modification into potent, cell-penetrant, and efficacious inhibitors of ATP-citrate lyase.
ATP-Citrate Lyase as a Target for Hypolipidemic Intervention. Design and Synthesis of 2-Substituted Butanedioic Acids as Novel, Potent Inhibitors of the Enzyme
摘要:
ATP-citrate lyase is the primary enzyme responsible for the synthesis of cytosolic acetyl-CoA in many tissues. Inhibitors of the enzyme represent a potentially novel class of hypolipidemic agent, which are anticipated to have combined hypocholesterolemic and hypotriglyceridemic properties. A series of a-substituted butanedioic acids have been designed and synthesized as inhibitors of the enzyme, The best compounds, 58, 68, 71, 74 have reversible K-i's in the 1-3 mu M range against the isolated rat enzyme, As representative of this compound class, 58, has been shown to exert its inhibitory action through a mainly competitive mechanism with respect to citrate and a noncompetitive one with respect to CoA. None of the inhibitors were able to inhibit cholesterol and/or fatty acid synthesis in HepG2 cells. This has been attributed to the adverse physicochemical properties of the molecules leading to a lack of cell penetration. Despite this, a lead structural class of compound has been identified with the potential for modification into potent, cell-penetrant, and efficacious inhibitors of ATP-citrate lyase.
see text] The first asymmetric totalsynthesis of a structurally novel cis-cyclopent[c]isoxazolidine alkaloid, (-)-pyrinodemin A (3), which exhibits potent cytotoxicity, has been accomplished through a highly diastereoselective intramolecular nitrone-olefin cycloaddition reaction as the key step. Thus, it has been found that the hitherto unknown absoluteconfiguration of pyrinodemin A is as indicated
<i>N</i>-Methylniphatyne A, a New 3-Alkylpyridine Alkaloid as an Inhibitor of the Cancer Cells Adapted to Nutrient Starvation, from an Indonesian Marine Sponge of <i>Xestospongia</i> sp.
In the course of searching for selective growth inhibitors of the cancer cells adapted to nutrient starvation, a new 3-alkylpyridine alkaloid named N-methylniphatyne A (1) was isolated from an Indonesian marinesponge of Xestospongiasp. The chemical structure of 1 was determined on the basis of the spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the synthesized 1 and its analogues. Compound 1 showed the