chromatographic purification, imparting a green quotient to the protocol. A heterodimeric non-covalent interaction between the amino acid and the carboxylic acid appears to be the most plausible mechanistic interpretation for the nucleophilic activation; additionally, the possible activation of the Michael acceptor by iminium ion formation presents an interesting case of proline acting as a bifunctional catalyst
脯
氨酸对
羧酸的偶然亲核活化有助于在 60°C 下在无溶剂条件下实现
甲基乙烯基酮的直接加
氢羧化。在这种 oxa-Michael 加成中成功使用了多种
羧酸,以中等产率提供了有用的 4-酰
氧基-2-
丁酮。反应在无溶剂条件下进行,产物通过简单的后处理程序以高纯度分离,无需任何柱色谱纯化,为方案赋予绿色商数。
氨基酸和
羧酸之间的异二聚体非共价相互作用似乎是亲核活化最合理的机制解释。此外,