Development of Polyamine Transport Ligands with Improved Metabolic Stability and Selectivity against Specific Human Cancers
摘要:
Polyamine homeostasis is critical for life and is accomplished via a balance of polyamine biosynthesis, degradation, and transport. Rapidly dividing cancer cells have been shown to have high polyamine transport activity compared to normal cells, likely due to their high requirement for polyamine metabolites. The polyamine transport system (PTS) is a therapeutically relevant target, as it can provide selective drug delivery to cancer cells. This report describes the synthesis and biological evaluation of multimeric polyamine derivatives as efficient PTS ligands. Arylmethyl-polyamine derivatives were synthesized to address two important concerns in PTS drug design: (a) PTS selectivity and (b) stability to amine oxidases. N-1,N-1'-[Naphthalene-1,4-diylbis(methylene)]bis{N-4-[4-(methylamino)butyl])-butane-1,4-diamine}, 3b, was found to have an optimal balance between these parameters and demonstrated excellent targeting of melanoma (e.g., MALME-3M) and breast cancer cells (e.g., T47D) over other cancer cell lines. These results provide a method to selectively target cancers via their intrinsic need for polyamine metabolites.
The one-potsynthesis of cyclic isothioureas is reported. This method provides a straightforward and efficient approach to the synthesis of a broad range of cyclic isothioureas with yields of up to 90% and in quantities of up to 5 g. It is of great value for the preparation of classic organocatalysts, such as benzotetramisole and homobenzotetramisole.
Further studies on a site-specific hydrogen transfer observed in electron capture negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry of hydroxyamine pentafluoropropionate derivatives
作者:G. K.-C. Low、A. M. Duffield
DOI:10.1002/oms.1210201002
日期:1985.10
AbstractFurther studies have demonstrated that the site‐specific hydrogen transfer process involved in the formation of the m/z 145 anion of β‐hydroxyamine pentafluoropropionate (PFP) derivatives observed under electron capture negative ion chemical ionization conditions occurs when the two functional groups are separated by up to five carbon atoms. Deuterium labelling has established that the site specificity, transfer of a hydrogen atom from the carbon adjacent to nitrogen to the OPFP group, is maintained in 4‐amino‐butan‐1‐ol‐N, O‐(PFP)2. The corresponding PFP derivatives of the N‐methylaminoalkanol‐(PFP)2 derivatives lack the m/z 145 species with m/z 163, [OPFP]− being the base anion. Substitution of alkyl groups on the carbon adjacent to oxygen results in a diminution of the ion intensity at m/z 145. with a marked increase in the intensity of m/z 144. The formation of the m/z 145 and 144 anions to proposed to proceed through the intervention of a fluoride ion‐molecule complex as outlined in Scheme 1 with the product ion distribution dependent on which of the two pathways is preferred.
Kukharev, B. F.; Stankevich, V. K.; Klimenko, G. R., Russian Journal of Organic Chemistry, 1995, vol. 31, # 5, p. 591 - 596
作者:Kukharev, B. F.、Stankevich, V. K.、Klimenko, G. R.
DOI:——
日期:——
Structure–activity studies on diphenylpyrazine derivatives: A novel class of prostacyclin receptor agonists
To develop nonprostanoid prostacyclin receptor agonists with a high degree of metabolic resistance and an extended duration of action, a novel series of diphenylpyrazine derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their inhibition of ADP-induced human platelet aggregation. Structure-activity relationship studies on the side chain containing the carboxylic acid moiety of the lead compound 5c showed that the length of the linker and the presence of the concatenating nitrogen atom adjacent to the pyrazine ring are critical for the antiaggregatory activity. This study led to the discovery of 2-amino-5,6-diphenylpyrazine derivatives 8c, 15a, and 15b. which showed potent inhibition of platelet aggregation with IC50 values of 0.2 mu M. Among these compounds, 15b is an orally available and long-lasting prostacyclin receptor agonist which is promising for the treatment of various vascular diseases. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.