A new chiral bicyclic guanidine-catalyzed direct catalytic aldolreaction of 5H-oxazol-4-ones with aldehydes has been developed. The present aldolreaction proceeds smoothly with high enantioselectivity using bicyclic guanidines bearing a hydroxy group at the appropriate position, and various combinations of 5H-oxazol-4-ones and aldehydes are applicable. The method provides synthetically useful alpha