Preparation of a superior liquid catalyst by hybridization of three solids of nanoZnO, urea, and choline chloride for Knoevenagel-based reactions
作者:Fatemeh Tamaddon、Davood Azadi
DOI:10.1007/s13738-017-1144-7
日期:2017.10
electron-deficient alkenes. Due to the high diffusion of ZnO nanoparticles in DESs, synergy of nanoZnO with DESs, and much contact of this fluid catalyst with starting materials, all Knoevenagel-based reactions occur with higher yields at lower catalyst loading and shorter times than individual ChCl:2urea, nanoZnO, or even previously catalysts used for this purpose. High polarity and reusability are other
摘要[ZnClO.urea] - [Ch.urea] +的复合催化剂是通过将纳米ZnO在50°C的氯化胆碱:2urea中溶解而制备的。[ZnClO.urea]的浓度-给定液体中的ZnO含量为19,987 ppm,比由本体ZnO制成的类似溶液高10.5倍。这种有机/无机杂化催化剂在基于Knoevenagel的吡喃,苯并二氢吡喃和缺电子烯烃的合成中表现出很高的催化性能。由于ZnO纳米粒子在DES中的高度扩散,纳米ZnO与DES的协同作用以及这种流体催化剂与起始原料的大量接触,因此所有Knoevenagel基反应均以较低的催化剂负载量和较高的收率进行,比单独的ChCl:2urea短,纳米ZnO,或什至以前用于此目的的催化剂。高极性和可重复使用性是阴离子络合物[ZnClO.urea] -和纳米ZnO形状均一的其他优点。 图形概要