The Exocyclic Effect: Protecting Group Strategy to Enhance Stereoselectivity in Hydrogen Transfer Reactions of Acyclic Free Radicals
摘要:
To enhance the diastereoselectivity of the hydrogen transfer reaction of acyclic substrates bearing 1,2- or 1,3-diols, the feasibility of a strategy employing bifunctional protecting groups has been demonstrated. This strategy is based upon the "exocyclic effect" or the significant improvement of anti-selectivity exhibited by the reductions of substrates in which the two substituents (R-1 and Y) at the stereogenic center alpha to the radical center are linked together. A rationale for the excellent facial discrimination of these exocyclic radicals is offered based on an analysis of transition state models, which considers both steric and electronic factors.
The Exocyclic Effect: Protecting Group Strategy to Enhance Stereoselectivity in Hydrogen Transfer Reactions of Acyclic Free Radicals
摘要:
To enhance the diastereoselectivity of the hydrogen transfer reaction of acyclic substrates bearing 1,2- or 1,3-diols, the feasibility of a strategy employing bifunctional protecting groups has been demonstrated. This strategy is based upon the "exocyclic effect" or the significant improvement of anti-selectivity exhibited by the reductions of substrates in which the two substituents (R-1 and Y) at the stereogenic center alpha to the radical center are linked together. A rationale for the excellent facial discrimination of these exocyclic radicals is offered based on an analysis of transition state models, which considers both steric and electronic factors.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Both Enantiomers of γ-Substituted Butenolides by Bakers' Yeast Reduction and Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis. Total Synthesis of (3A<i>S</i>,6a<i>S</i>)-Ethisolide, Whisky Lactone, and (−)-Avenaciolide
Reduction of 3-chloro-4-oxoalkanoates 5 with bakers' yeast gave (4S)-3-chloro-4-hydraxyalkanoates, which were hydrolyzed and dehydrochlorinated to give (gamma S)-alkylbutenolides with >96% ee. Reduction of 5 with NaBH4 gave syn-3-chloro-4-hydroxyalkanoate 6. Asymmetric hydrolysis of syn-4-chloro-3-hydroxyalkanoate (+/-)-10 with lipase afforded (3R,4R)-6 and (3S,4S)-10 with high optical purities. Hydrolysis and dehydrochlorination of (3R,4R)-6 gave (gamma R)-alkylbutenolides with >85% ee. Total syntheses of (3aS,6aS)-ethisolide, whisky lactone, and (-)-avenaciolide from these butenolides are described.
[GRAPHICS]The diastereoselectivity of radical processes involving 1,3-diols is increased significantly with a simple and efficient strategy using the exocyclic effect, Boronate derivatives are successfully formed in situ by treatment of an equimolar amount of Et3B in the presence of oxygen, This step is followed by the mediation of a carbon-centered radical a to the cyclic boronate to give the anti reduced product with high stereocontrol. The sequence is also extended to beta -amino alcohols.
The Exocyclic Effect: Protecting Group Strategy to Enhance Stereoselectivity in Hydrogen Transfer Reactions of Acyclic Free Radicals
作者:Yvan Guindon、Anne-Marie Faucher、Élyse Bourque、Valérie Caron、Grace Jung、Serge R. Landry
DOI:10.1021/jo971595s
日期:1997.12.1
To enhance the diastereoselectivity of the hydrogen transfer reaction of acyclic substrates bearing 1,2- or 1,3-diols, the feasibility of a strategy employing bifunctional protecting groups has been demonstrated. This strategy is based upon the "exocyclic effect" or the significant improvement of anti-selectivity exhibited by the reductions of substrates in which the two substituents (R-1 and Y) at the stereogenic center alpha to the radical center are linked together. A rationale for the excellent facial discrimination of these exocyclic radicals is offered based on an analysis of transition state models, which considers both steric and electronic factors.