Axially chiral thioamides of acrylic acid: correlated and uncorrelated internal rotations
摘要:
In acrylic thioamides (Scheme 1), two intramolecular motions are possible: thiocarbonyl-nitrogen (=C-N) and alkenyl-carbonyl (=C-C=) rotations. Since the two mobile molecular fragments can interact by steric and by resonance effects, we intended to demonstrate the existence of correlated in addition to the above uncorrelated motions. For each of the three thioamides chosen, at least two of the four stereoisomers were enriched by crystallization and by liquid chromatography on nonracemic sorbents. Thereby axial chirality of acrylic thioamides was proven for the first time. Thermal equilibrations were monitored quantitatively by time-dependent H-1 NMR spectroscopy in the presence of a nonracemic additive, a method which, to our knowledge, has not previously been described. These kinetic results were evaluated by a simulation program with reference to uncorrelated and correlated rotations (Figs. 4-6). We have shown that all of these motions occur in thioamide 14. The enantiomers of thioamide 13 do not interconvert directly. However, indirect, two-step enantiomerizations in 13 have been proven one of the two steps consisting of correlated rotations. The latter are, therefore, possible in acrylic thioamides, a class of compounds which differ considerably from the molecules for which correlated motions were hitherto known. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
A visible-light-driven carboxylation of aryl and alkenyl triflates with CO2 is developed by using a combination of Pd and photoredox catalysts. This reaction proceeds under mild conditions and can be applied to a wide range of substrates including acyclic alkenyl triflates.
[EN] FUNCTIONALIZED CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS, A METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF AND USE OF FUNCTIONALIZED CELLULOSE NANOCRYSTALS IN COMPOSITES AND FOR GRAFTING<br/>[FR] NANOCRISTAUX DE CELLULOSE FONCTIONNALISÉS, LEUR PROCÉDÉ DE PRÉPARATION ET UTILISATION DE NANOCRISTAUX DE CELLULOSE FONCTIONNALISÉS DANS DES COMPOSITES ET POUR LE GREFFAGE
申请人:SWETREE TECHNOLOGIES AB
公开号:WO2014070092A1
公开(公告)日:2014-05-08
The present invention relates to a cellulose nanocrystal functionalized with a group R, a method for preparation of cellulose nanocrystals that are functionalized with one or more groups R and use of functionalized cellulose nanocrystals in composites and for grafting. The aim of the invention is to offer more rapid and simplified methods to generate functional CNC with high degree of reactive groups on the surface. Furthermore, there is a need for functional CNCs with groups on the surface that can be used in composite materials and where the reactive group can work as coupling agents, initiators for polymer grafting or as crosslinkers. This is achieved by a method for preparation of cellulose nanocrystals that are functionalized with one or more groups R, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) providing cellulose; b) treating the cellulose with an acidic water solution; c) removing the acidic water solution; d) adding a solution comprising an organic acid; e) reacting the mixture obtained in step d).