The effect of disorder on the chemical reactivity of an organic solid, tetraglycine methyl ester: Change of the reaction mechanism
作者:Evgenyi Shalaev、Marina Shalaeva、George Zografi
DOI:10.1002/jps.10066
日期:2002.2
Many drugs undergo chemicalchanges in the solid state, and understanding chemicalreactivity of organic crystals is a critical factor in the drug development process. In this report, the impact of milling on the thermal chemicalreactivity of an organicsolid, tetraglycinemethylester, was studied using DSC, isothermal calorimetry, chemical analysis (HPLC and insoluble residue determination), and
PH-sensitive linkers for delivering a therapeutic agent
申请人:GNT BIOTECH & MEDICALS CORPORATION
公开号:US10688193B2
公开(公告)日:2020-06-23
The invention provides a pH-sensitive linker that can simultaneously bind metallic nanoparticles and one or more agents with various molecular size. The linker of the invention can deliver the agents into cells involved in disease processes or close to cells so that the agents can selectively target and effect on the cells. The target delivery provided by the linker of the invention can be used for example for disease sensing, imaging, drug delivery, and therapy.
To better understand the general interrelationships between chemical transformations and physical transformations in solid-state reactions, we have studied the kinetics of methyl transfer in polycrystalline samples of tetraglycine methyl ester (TGME) over the temperature range of 83 degrees C-115 degrees C. Changes in the concentrations of the reactant and various intermediates (sarcosyltriglycine methyl ester, METGME, and tetraglycine, TG) and products (sarcosyltriglycine, METG, and N,N-dimethyl glycyl triglycine, Me(2)TG) were measured over the entire time course of the reaction using HPLC. Corresponding measurements of physical transformations occurring during the course of the reaction were made using X-ray powder diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry. Kinetic curves for the loss of TGME in the range of 83 degrees C-115 degrees C have a sigmoidal shape and collapse into one curve when plotted in terms of reduced time, t/t(0.5), as do plots of intermediate and product concentration plotted in the same manner. The first 25% of the reaction proceeds homogeneously through what is believed to be the formation of a crystalline solid solution of the intermediates and products in the reactant. The acceleratory character of the kinetic curves in the single-phase portion of the reaction has been described by a kinetic scheme that contains a concentration-dependent rate constant. The appearance of a new crystalline phase beyond 35% of the reaction changes the reaction mechanism from a bulk reaction to an interface-controlled process that causes further acceleration of the methyl transfer. The apparent activation energies for both single-phase and heterophase stages of the reaction are about 100-130 kJ/mole. (C) 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
PH-SENSITIVE LINKERS FOR DELIVERING A THERAPEUTIC AGENT
申请人:GNT BIOTECH & MEDICALS CORPORATION
公开号:US20180221498A1
公开(公告)日:2018-08-09
The invention provides a pH-sensitive linker that can simultaneously bind metallic nanoparticles and one or more agents with various molecular size. The linker of the invention can deliver the agents into cells involved in disease processes or close to cells so that the agents can selectively target and effect on the cells. The target delivery provided by the linker of the invention can be used for example for disease sensing, imaging, drug delivery, and therapy.