1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP). This hydroperoxide, formed by autoxidation in the presence of air, oxidized the ligand tri(o-tolyl)phosphine (P(o-tol)3) to tri(o-tolyl)phosphine oxide (O═P(o-tol)3) and ultimately slowed down the Heck reaction. Because of this finding, control strategies were implemented for NMP quality and air exclusion during manufacturing campaigns, which ensured delivery of metric tons
实验室中Heck反应的意外失败导致在助溶剂1-甲基-
2-吡咯烷酮(
NMP)中检测到5-氢过氧-1-甲基-
2-吡咯烷酮(
NMP-5-OOH)。在空气中通过自氧化形成的氢过氧化物将
配体三(邻
甲苯基)膦(P(邻
甲苯基)3)氧化为三(邻
甲苯基)氧化膦(O═P(邻
甲苯基)3),最终减慢了Heck反应的速度。由于这一发现,在制造活动中实施了
NMP质量控制和空气排除的控制策略,从而确保了公吨化合物2的交付在临床研究中使用
盐酸罗那卡利特的途中。还证明了
NMP-5-OOH对无
配体的Heck反应的类似有害影响。