Exploring novel capping framework: high substituent pyridine-hydroxamic acid derivatives as potential antiproliferative agents
作者:Fernando Hernández-Borja、Itzel Mercado-Sánchez、Yolanda Alcaraz、Marco A. García-Revilla、Clarisa Villegas Gómez、David Ordaz-Rosado、Nancy Santos-Martínez、Rocío García-Becerra、Miguel A. Vazquez
DOI:10.1007/s40199-021-00406-8
日期:——
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play a vital role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression due to their overexpression in several cancer forms. Therefore, these enzymes are considered as a potential anticancer drug target. Different synthetic and natural structures have been studied as HDACs inhibitors; based on available structural design information, the capping group is important for the biological activity due to the different interactions in the active site entrance. The present study aimed to analyze high substituted pyridine as a capping group, which included carrying out the synthesis, antiproliferative activity analysis, and docking studies of these novel compounds. To achieve the synthesis of these derivatives, four reaction steps were performed, generating desired products 15a-k. Their effects on cell proliferation and gene expression of p21, cyclin D1, and p53 were determined using the sulphorhodamine B (SRB) method and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The HDAC1, HDAC6, and HDAC8 isoforms were used for performing docking experiments with our 15a-k products. The products 15a-k were obtained in overall yields of 40–71%. Compounds 15j and 15k showed the highest antiproliferative activity in the breast (BT-474 and MDA-MB-231) and prostate (PC3) cancer cell lines at a concentration of 10 µM. These compounds increased p21 mRNA levels and decreased cyclin D1 and p53 gene expression. The docking study showed an increment in the strength, and in the number of interactions performed by the capping moiety of the tested molecules compared with SAHA; interactions displayed are mainly van der Waals, π-stacking, and hydrogen bond. The synthesized compounds 2-thiophene (15j) and 2-furan (15k) pyridine displayed cell growth inhibition, regulation of genes related to cell cycle progression in highly metastatic cancer cell lines. The molecular coupling analysis performed with HDAC1, HDAC6 and HDAC8 showed an increment in the number of interactions performed by the capping moiety and consequently in the strength of the capping group interaction.
组蛋白去乙酰化酶(HDACs)在基因表达的表观遗传调控中发挥着重要作用,这是因为它们在多种癌症中过度表达。因此,这些酶被认为是潜在的抗癌药物靶点。人们研究了不同的合成和天然结构作为 HDACs 抑制剂;根据现有的结构设计信息,由于活性位点入口处存在不同的相互作用,封端基团对生物活性非常重要。本研究旨在分析作为封端基团的高取代吡啶,包括对这些新型化合物进行合成、抗增殖活性分析和对接研究。为了合成这些衍生物,共进行了四个反应步骤,生成了所需的产物 15a-k。利用磺基多巴胺 B(SRB)法和实时定量聚合酶链反应测定了它们对细胞增殖以及 p21、细胞周期蛋白 D1 和 p53 基因表达的影响。我们使用 HDAC1、HDAC6 和 HDAC8 异构体与 15a-k 产品进行对接实验。15a-k 产物的总产率为 40-71%。在浓度为 10 µM 的乳腺癌(BT-474 和 MDA-MB-231)和前列腺癌(PC3)细胞系中,化合物 15j 和 15k 显示出最高的抗增殖活性。这些化合物提高了 p21 mRNA 水平,降低了细胞周期蛋白 D1 和 p53 基因的表达。对接研究显示,与 SAHA 相比,受试分子的封端分子相互作用的强度和数量都有所增加;显示的相互作用主要是范德华、π-堆积和氢键。合成的 2-噻吩(15j)和 2-呋喃(15k)吡啶化合物对细胞生长有抑制作用,并能调节高度转移癌细胞系中与细胞周期进展有关的基因。与 HDAC1、HDAC6 和 HDAC8 进行的分子偶联分析表明,封端分子相互作用的次数增加,封端基团相互作用的强度也随之增加。