Lanthanide- and DMSO-Induced Ring Opening of 2-Iminooxetanes: Synthesis of .beta.-Lactams and .beta.-Keto Amides
摘要:
2-Iminooxetanes (1), generated by lanthanide-catalyzed heterocycloaddition of aldehydes to ketene imines, are versatile synthons for beta-lactams (2) and for beta-keto amides (3). Conversion of 1 into 2 and 3 can be accomplished by either lanthanide-induced or oxidative (DMSO) ring opening, respectively.
Beta-Hydroxy amides were synthesized by hydrolysis of the corresponding 2-iminooxetanes, which were prepared in a very simple step by lanthanide-catalyzed cycloaddition of aldehydes to ketene imines. The stereochemical outcome of the hydrolysis, performed under neutral (DMSO/H2O) or acidic (H2SO4/H2O) conditions, depends on the steric and electronic nature of the substituents, which play a crucial role in the ring-opening mechanism. Experiments done with O-18-labeled water showed that two alternatives are possible: one involving ring opening of the oxetane at the C4-O bond, the other involving ring opening at the C2-O bond.
2-Iminooxetane chemistry. 2. General synthesis from ketene imine-aldehyde cycloadditions
2-Iminooxetanes (1), generated by lanthanide-catalyzed heterocycloaddition of aldehydes to ketene imines, are versatile synthons for beta-lactams (2) and for beta-keto amides (3). Conversion of 1 into 2 and 3 can be accomplished by either lanthanide-induced or oxidative (DMSO) ring opening, respectively.