Organocatalytic Chemoselective Monoacylation of 1,n-Linear Diols
作者:Keisuke Yoshida、Takumi Furuta、Takeo Kawabata
DOI:10.1002/anie.201100700
日期:2011.5.16
Matters of length: Exclusive or predominant monoacylation of 1,n‐linear diols took place in the presence of 1 when the chain length of linear diols was equal to or shorter than five carbon atoms. The chemoselectivity of acylation between 1,5‐pentanediol (n=5) and 1,6‐hexanediol (n=6) was 5.2, and that between 1,5‐pentanediol and its monoacylate was 113.
A method for improving the release of a cast concrete item from the mould by applying to the mould a mould release composition
申请人:CASTROL A/S
公开号:EP0328158A1
公开(公告)日:1989-08-16
The release of a moulded concrete body from the mould can be improved by applying to the mould an effective amount of a concrete release composition comprising one or more oily esters of aliphatic carboxylic acids with mono- or dihydric alcohols, with a melting point of at the most 35°C, the total number of carbon atoms in the esters being 8-46, in an amount of 26-100% by weight, calculated on the total composition, optionally in admixture with other additives such as mineral oils, vegetable oils, glycols, glycol ethers, alkanols, emulsifiers and/or water.
Several 1,n-diols, ranging from 1,2-ethanediol to 1,16-hexadecanediol, were selectively monoacylated by transesterification in ester/octane solvent mixtures catalyzed by strongly acidic ion-exchange resins. This method of selective esterification is quite simple and practical. The selectivity for monoester formation and initial rates of monoester formation depended on the ester/octane ratio of the solvents. The reasons for the selectivity are as follows: (1) The sulfonic acid-type ion-exchange resins usually contain 50-80% water, and a strongly acidic aqueous layer is formed on the surface of the resins. (2) A partition equilibrium between the aqueous layer and the aprotic ester/octane layer is setup, and diols have higher partition coefficients than the product monoesters. (3) Acylation of the alcohols occurs in the aqueous layer and/or at the interface between the aqueous and the nonaqueous liquid layer. (4) The formed monoesters move away from the aqueous layer into the aprotic layer.
A METHOD FOR IMPROVING THE RELEASE OF A MOULDED CONCRETE BODY FROM THE MOULD