3-Aminopyrrolidinone Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors: Design of Macrocyclic Compounds with Improved Pharmacokinetics and Excellent Cell Potency
摘要:
A series of macrocyclic 3-aminopyrrolidinone farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) has been synthesized. Compared with previously described linear 3-aminopyrrolidinone FTIs such as compound 1, macrocycles such as 49 combined improved pharmacokinetic properties with a reduced potential for side effects. In dogs, oral bioavailability was good to excellent, and increases in plasma half-life were due to attenuated clearance. It was observed that in vivo clearance correlated with the flexibility of the molecules and this concept proved useful in the design of FTIs that exhibited low clearance, such as FTI 78. X-ray crystal structures of compounds 49 and 66 complexed with farnesyltransferase (FTase)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) were determined, and they provide details of the key interactions in such ternary complexes. Optimization of this 3-aminopyrrolidinone series of compounds led to significant increases in potency, providing 83 and 85, the most potent inhibitors of FTase in cells described to date.
3-Aminopyrrolidinone Farnesyltransferase Inhibitors: Design of Macrocyclic Compounds with Improved Pharmacokinetics and Excellent Cell Potency
摘要:
A series of macrocyclic 3-aminopyrrolidinone farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs) has been synthesized. Compared with previously described linear 3-aminopyrrolidinone FTIs such as compound 1, macrocycles such as 49 combined improved pharmacokinetic properties with a reduced potential for side effects. In dogs, oral bioavailability was good to excellent, and increases in plasma half-life were due to attenuated clearance. It was observed that in vivo clearance correlated with the flexibility of the molecules and this concept proved useful in the design of FTIs that exhibited low clearance, such as FTI 78. X-ray crystal structures of compounds 49 and 66 complexed with farnesyltransferase (FTase)-farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) were determined, and they provide details of the key interactions in such ternary complexes. Optimization of this 3-aminopyrrolidinone series of compounds led to significant increases in potency, providing 83 and 85, the most potent inhibitors of FTase in cells described to date.
Dynamic Kinetic Resolution of Biaryl Atropisomers via Peptide-Catalyzed Asymmetric Bromination
作者:Jeffrey L. Gustafson、Daniel Lim、Scott J. Miller
DOI:10.1126/science.1188403
日期:2010.6.4
widespread use of axially chiral, or atropisomeric, biarylligands in modern synthesis and the occurrence of numerous natural products exhibiting axial chirality, few catalytic methods have emerged for the direct asymmetric preparation of this compound class. Here, we present a tripeptide-derived small-molecule catalyst for the dynamic kinetic resolution of racemic biaryl substrates. The reaction proceeds
Synthesis of nitrodienes, nitrostyrenes, and nitrobiaryls through palladium-catalyzed couplings of β-nitrovinyl and o-nitroaryl thioethers
作者:Gardner S. Creech、Ohyun Kwon
DOI:10.1039/c3sc50773d
日期:——
A highly efficient, base-free, mild protocol for the palladium-catalyzed, copper-activated desulfitative couplings of vinyl and aryl β-nitrothioethers generates a wide variety of conjugated nitroorganics. Orthogonality to traditional SuzukiâMiyaura coupling is demonstrated, as well as synthetic utility, through reductive Cadogan cyclization, for the formation of indoles, carbazoles, and pyrroles.
The present invention is directed to peptidomimetic macrocyclic compounds which inhibit prenyl-protein transferase and the prenylation of the oncogene protein Ras. The invention is further directed to chemotherapeutic compositions containing the compounds of this invention and methods for inhibiting prenyl-protein transferase and the prenylation of the oncogene protein Ras.