Stepwise versus Direct Long-Range Charge Separation in Molecular Triads
摘要:
Trifunctional electron donor-donor-acceptor molecules are described in which photoinduced charge separation, D-2-D-1-A* --> D-2-D-1(+)-A(-), is followed by a charge migration step D-2-D-1(+)-A(-) (CS1) --> D-2(+)-D-1-A- (CS2), leading to a relatively long-lived charge-separated state. The rate of the charge migration process could be determined in a range of solvents of low polarity. In benzene and dioxane, reversibility of the process allowed the determination of the free energy difference between CS1 and CS2. The relative energy of the CS2 state is much lower than expected from simple electrostatic models. An increase of the charge migration rate was found with increasing solvent polarity within a series of alkyl ethers or alkyl acetates. However, an apparent preferential stabilization of the CS1 state in acetates relative to ethers leads to discontinuities in the solvatochromic shift behavior of the CT fluorescence from the CS1 state, and in the increase of the charge migration rate as a function of dielectric constant. In a reference compound lacking the intermediate redox unit, direct long-range charge separation yielding a D-2(+)-bridge-A(-) charge-separated state can occur, but the yield is significantly lower than in the triads.
Stepwise versus Direct Long-Range Charge Separation in Molecular Triads
摘要:
Trifunctional electron donor-donor-acceptor molecules are described in which photoinduced charge separation, D-2-D-1-A* --> D-2-D-1(+)-A(-), is followed by a charge migration step D-2-D-1(+)-A(-) (CS1) --> D-2(+)-D-1-A- (CS2), leading to a relatively long-lived charge-separated state. The rate of the charge migration process could be determined in a range of solvents of low polarity. In benzene and dioxane, reversibility of the process allowed the determination of the free energy difference between CS1 and CS2. The relative energy of the CS2 state is much lower than expected from simple electrostatic models. An increase of the charge migration rate was found with increasing solvent polarity within a series of alkyl ethers or alkyl acetates. However, an apparent preferential stabilization of the CS1 state in acetates relative to ethers leads to discontinuities in the solvatochromic shift behavior of the CT fluorescence from the CS1 state, and in the increase of the charge migration rate as a function of dielectric constant. In a reference compound lacking the intermediate redox unit, direct long-range charge separation yielding a D-2(+)-bridge-A(-) charge-separated state can occur, but the yield is significantly lower than in the triads.
Antagonists of melanin concentrating hormone receptor
申请人:Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
公开号:US20040106645A1
公开(公告)日:2004-06-03
This invention provides compounds that are antagonists of melanin concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MCH-R1). The compounds are represented by formula I:
1
where m is zero or one, n is zero to two, Y is oxygen or —N(R
9
)—, R
1
, R
2
, R
3
, R
4
, R
5
, R
9
and Ring A are defined in the specification. Coumarin and quinolone compounds where R
1
and R
2
together form a fused benzo ring are preferred. The invention also provides compounds of formula VI where the coumarin moiety is replaced by a quinazolinone ring. The compounds are useful for treating MCH-R1-related disorders, particularly overweight conditions including obesity.
这项发明提供了一些与黑色素浓集激素受体-1 (MCH-R1) 相对抗的化合物。这些化合物由公式 I 表示:其中 m 为零或一,n 为零至二,Y 为氧或 —N(R9)—,R1、R2、R3、R4、R5、R9 和环 A 在说明书中有定义。偏好使用 R1 和 R2 结合形成融合苯环的香豆素和喹啉类化合物。该发明还提供了公式 VI 的化合物,其中香豆素基团被喹嗪酮环替换。这些化合物可用于治疗与 MCH-R1 相关的疾病,特别是超重症,包括肥胖症。
US6921821B2
申请人:——
公开号:US6921821B2
公开(公告)日:2005-07-26
Stepwise versus Direct Long-Range Charge Separation in Molecular Triads
作者:R. J. Willemse、J. J. Piet、J. M. Warman、F. Hartl、J. W. Verhoeven、A. M. Brouwer
DOI:10.1021/ja983716r
日期:2000.4.1
Trifunctional electron donor-donor-acceptor molecules are described in which photoinduced charge separation, D-2-D-1-A* --> D-2-D-1(+)-A(-), is followed by a charge migration step D-2-D-1(+)-A(-) (CS1) --> D-2(+)-D-1-A- (CS2), leading to a relatively long-lived charge-separated state. The rate of the charge migration process could be determined in a range of solvents of low polarity. In benzene and dioxane, reversibility of the process allowed the determination of the free energy difference between CS1 and CS2. The relative energy of the CS2 state is much lower than expected from simple electrostatic models. An increase of the charge migration rate was found with increasing solvent polarity within a series of alkyl ethers or alkyl acetates. However, an apparent preferential stabilization of the CS1 state in acetates relative to ethers leads to discontinuities in the solvatochromic shift behavior of the CT fluorescence from the CS1 state, and in the increase of the charge migration rate as a function of dielectric constant. In a reference compound lacking the intermediate redox unit, direct long-range charge separation yielding a D-2(+)-bridge-A(-) charge-separated state can occur, but the yield is significantly lower than in the triads.