R-(−)-carnitine is prepared by (a) conversion of (S)-3-hydroxy-4-butyrolactone [1] to alkyl (S)-4-halogen-3-hydroxy-butyrate [2] by reaction with a linear or branched C
1
-C
7
alcohol (b), substitution of a CN group for the halogen of compound [2] to yield the alkyl ester of (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyric acid [3], (c) conversion of alkyl ester [3] to yield (R)-4-cyano-3-hydroxybutyramide [4], (d) cyclization of compound [4] to yield (R)-5-(cyanomethyl)-2-oxazolidone [5] via conversion of the amide function to isocyanate, (e) hydrolysis of compound [5] to yield (R)-4-amino-3-hydroxybutyric acid [6], and finally (f) methylation of the amino group of compound [6] to yield the end product (R)-carnitine.
BIOLOGICAL SYNTHESIS OF DIFUNCTIONAL HEXANES AND PENTANES FROM CARBOHYDRATE FEEDSTOCKS
申请人:Baynes Brian M.
公开号:US20120301950A1
公开(公告)日:2012-11-29
Provided herein are methods for the production of difunctional alkanes in microorganisms. Also provided are enzymes and nucleic acids encoding such enzymes, associated with the difunctional alkane production from carbohydrates feedstocks in microorganisms. The invention also provides recombinant microorganisms and metabolic pathways for the production of difunctional alkanes.
Biological Synthesis of Difunctional Hexanes and Pentanes from Carbohydrate Feedstocks
申请人:Baynes Brain M.
公开号:US20130017593A1
公开(公告)日:2013-01-17
Provided herein are methods for the production of difunctional alkanes in microorganisms. Also provided are enzymes and nucleic acids encoding such enzymes, associated with the difunctional alkane production from carbohydrates feedstocks in microorganisms. The invention also provides recombinant microorganisms and metabolic pathways for the production of difunctional alkanes.
Chemical process for the stereoselective synthesis of R-(-)- carnitine
申请人:——
公开号:US20010003135A1
公开(公告)日:2001-06-07
A process is described for the stereoselective synthesis of R-(−)-carnitine in which the characterizing step is condensation of glyerol with an amine of (−) camphorsulphonic acid.
本文描述了一种立体选择性合成R-(-)肉碱的过程,其特征步骤是将甘油与(-)蒎磺酸胺缩合。
Biochemical method for preparation of optically active carnitine
申请人:HAMARI YAKUHIN KOGYO KABUSHIKI KAISHA
also known as HAMARI CHEMICALS, LTD.
公开号:EP0121444A2
公开(公告)日:1984-10-10
L-carntine is produced by bringing apocarnitine into contact with hydrase produced by a strain of Enterobacter in an aqueous medium having a pH of 4-10 at a temperature of 20-60°C, thereby apocarnintine is converted to L-carnitine.