A Practical Synthesis of Indole-Based Heterocycles Using an Amidoaluminum-Mediated Strategy
作者:M. Hossain、Robert Todd
DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1088071
日期:2009.6
A large number of biologically active compounds consist of an indole scaffolding. Because of this, chemists are continually searching for more efficient means through which to successfully synthesize the required alkaloids. In our recent effort to synthesize indole-based p38 inhibitors and gramines, we found that a series of indole-based indole-3-carboxamides could be efficiently synthesized from various indole-3-carboxylates using an amidoaluminum-mediated strategy. The treatment of ethyl indole-3-carboxylates bearing a range of substitution patterns on the indole ring with various amidoaluminum complexes, led to the corresponding 1H-indole-3-carboxamides in yields up to 75%. Reduction by diisobutylaluminum hydride afforded the corresponding gramines in 63-85% yield. This is the first reported example of amidoaluminum complexes of type Al2(CH3)4(NR2)2 promoting facile amidation of relatively inert indole esters. This particularly promising approach has resulted in the first strategy for generating medicinally important alkaloids of this type.
大量生物活性化合物含有吲哚骨架。因此,化学家们不断寻找更有效的方法来成功合成所需的生物碱。在我们最近努力合成基于吲哚的p38抑制剂和尼亚辛时,我们发现一系列基于吲哚的吲哚-3-羧酰胺可以通过酰胺铝介导的策略从各种吲哚-3-羧酸盐高效合成。用各种酰胺铝复合物处理带有不同取代模式的吲哚环的乙基吲哚-3-羧酸盐,得到了相应的1H-吲哚-3-羧酰胺,收率高达75%。通过二异丁基铝氢还原得到了相应的尼亚辛,收率为63-85%。这是首次报道的类型为Al2(CH3)4(NR2)2的酰胺铝复合物促进相对惰性的吲哚酯的易于酰胺化的例子。这种特别有希望的方法已经产生了一种生成这种类型的具有药用重要性的生物碱的首创策略。