A New Rational Hypothesis for the Pharmacophore of the Active Metabolite of Leflunomide, a Potent Immunosuppressive Drug
摘要:
Leflunomide is one of the most promising disease-modifying antirheumatic drug now in clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Metabolic studies have indicated that leflunomide is rapidly processed in vivo to an active metabolite, A771726 (2). To identify the chemical characteristics necessary for the immunosuppressive activity of 2, configurational and conformational studies were carried out on the latter and its inactive analogues (ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)but-2-enoate 3a, and 3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)but-2 -enamide, 3b). These studies suggested that the pharmacophore responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of 2 is a beta-keto amide with the enolic hydroxy group cis to the amidic moiety. To verify this hypothesis, a new class of immunosuppressive agents was designed and synthesized. Their testing in vitro and in vivo identified compounds which were more potent than both leflunomide and 2 and above all confirmed our hypothesis as to the key structural and chemical determinants for the immunosuppressive properties of 2 and our compounds.
Substituted 2-arylmethylene-n-aryl-n'aryl-malonamides and analogs as activators of caspases and inducers of apoptosis
申请人:Cai Xiong Sui
公开号:US20070043076A1
公开(公告)日:2007-02-22
The present invention is directed to substituted 2-arylmethylene-N-aryl-N′-aryl-malonamides and analogs thereof. The present invention also relates to the discovery that the compounds are activators of caspases and inducers of apoptosis. Therefore, the activators os caspases and inducers of apoptosis of this invention can be used to induce cell death in a variety of clinical conditions in which uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells occurs.
[EN] SUBSTITUTED 2-ARYLMETHYLENE-N-ARYL-N'-ARYL-MALONAMIDES AND ANALOGS AS ACTIVATORS OF CASPASES AND INDUCERS OF APOPTOSIS<br/>[FR] MALONAMIDES 2-ARYLMETHYLENE-N-ARYL-N'-ARYL SUBSTITUES ET LEURS ANALOGUES UTILES COMME ACTIVATEURS DES CASPASES ET INDUCTEURS DE L'APOPTOSE
申请人:CYTOVIA INC
公开号:WO2005037196A2
公开(公告)日:2005-04-28
The present invention is directed to substituted 2-arylmethylene-N-aryl-N'-aryl-malonamides and analogs thereof. The present invention also relates to the discovery that the compounds are activators of caspases and inducers of apoptosis. Therefore, the activators os caspases and inducers of apoptosis of this invention can be used to induce cell death in a variety of clinical conditions in which uncontrolled growth and spread of anormal cells occurs.
A New Rational Hypothesis for the Pharmacophore of the Active Metabolite of Leflunomide, a Potent Immunosuppressive Drug
Leflunomide is one of the most promising disease-modifying antirheumatic drug now in clinical trials for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Metabolic studies have indicated that leflunomide is rapidly processed in vivo to an active metabolite, A771726 (2). To identify the chemical characteristics necessary for the immunosuppressive activity of 2, configurational and conformational studies were carried out on the latter and its inactive analogues (ethyl 3-hydroxy-2-((4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)carbamoyl)but-2-enoate 3a, and 3-hydroxy-2-nitro-N(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)but-2 -enamide, 3b). These studies suggested that the pharmacophore responsible for the immunosuppressive activity of 2 is a beta-keto amide with the enolic hydroxy group cis to the amidic moiety. To verify this hypothesis, a new class of immunosuppressive agents was designed and synthesized. Their testing in vitro and in vivo identified compounds which were more potent than both leflunomide and 2 and above all confirmed our hypothesis as to the key structural and chemical determinants for the immunosuppressive properties of 2 and our compounds.
Microwave-Assisted Multistep Synthesis of Functionalized 4-Arylquinolin-2(1<i>H</i>)-ones Using Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Chemistry
作者:Toma N. Glasnov、Wolfgang Stadlbauer、C. Oliver Kappe
DOI:10.1021/jo0502549
日期:2005.5.1
been synthesized in a short and concise manner employing readily available 4-hydroxyquinolin-2(1H)-ones as intermediates. Keysteps in the synthesis include the derivatization of the quinolin-2(1H)-one cores usingpalladium-catalyzed Suzuki and Heck reactions, installing the 4-aryl and 3-alkenyl substituents. All synthetic transformations (six steps) required for the synthesis of the desired target