Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Novel 2-Methoxypyridylamino-Substituted Riminophenazine Derivatives as Antituberculosis Agents
作者:Dongfeng Zhang、Yang Liu、Chunlin Zhang、Hao Zhang、Bin Wang、Jian Xu、Lei Fu、Dali Yin、Christopher Cooper、Zhenkun Ma、Yu Lu、Haihong Huang
DOI:10.3390/molecules19044380
日期:——
Clofazimine, a member of the riminophenazine class, is one of the few antibiotics that are still active against multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis). However, the clinical utility of this agent is limited by its undesirable physicochemical properties and skin pigmentation potential. With the goal of maintaining potent antituberculosis activity while improving physicochemical properties and lowering skin pigmentation potential, a series of novel riminophenazine derivatives containing a 2-methoxypyridylamino substituent at the C-2 position of the phenazine nucleus were designed and synthesized. These compounds were evaluated for antituberculosis activity against M. tuberculosis H37Rv and screened for cytotoxicity. Riminophenazines bearing a 3-halogen- or 3,4-dihalogen-substituted phenyl group at the N-5 position exhibited potent antituberculosis activity, with MICs ranging from 0.25~0.01 μg/mL. The 3,4-dihalogen- substituted compounds displayed low cytotoxicity, with IC50 values greater than 64 μg/mL. Among these riminophenazines, compound 15 exhibited equivalent in vivo efficacy against M. tuberculosis infection and reduced skin discoloration potential in an experimental mouse infection model as compared to clofazimine. Compound 15, as compared to clofazimine, also demonstrated improved physicochemical properties and pharmacokinetic profiles with a short half-life and less drug tissue accumulation. This compound is being evaluated as a potential drug candidate for the treatment of multidrug resistant tuberculosis.
氯法齐明(Clofazimine)是一种利米诺吩嗪类药物,是少数几种对耐多药结核分枝杆菌(M. tuberculosis)仍有疗效的抗生素之一。然而,由于其不良的理化性质和皮肤色素沉着的可能性,这种药物的临床应用受到了限制。为了在改善理化性质和降低皮肤色素沉着可能性的同时保持强效抗结核活性,我们设计并合成了一系列新型利米诺吩嗪衍生物,这些衍生物在吩嗪核的 C-2 位上含有一个 2-甲氧基吡啶氨基取代基。评估了这些化合物对结核杆菌 H37Rv 的抗结核活性,并进行了细胞毒性筛选。N-5位上带有3-卤素或3,4-二卤素取代苯基的利米诺吩嗪类化合物具有很强的抗结核活性,MIC值在0.25~0.01 μg/mL之间。3,4-二卤素取代的化合物显示出较低的细胞毒性,IC50 值大于 64 μg/mL。在这些利米诺吩嗪类化合物中,化合物 15 对结核杆菌感染的体内疗效与氯噻嗪相当,在实验性小鼠感染模型中的皮肤变色潜力也比氯噻嗪低。与氯唑明相比,化合物 15 还具有更好的理化性质和药代动力学特征,半衰期短,药物组织蓄积少。该化合物正被评估为治疗耐多药结核病的潜在候选药物。