Mechanism Selection for Regiocontrol in Base-Assisted, Palladium-Catalysed Direct CH Coupling with Halides: First Approach for Oxazole- and Thiazole-4-Carboxylates
Both base‐assisted non‐concerted metallation–deprotonation (nCMD) and concerted metallation–deprotonation (CMD) have been identified as two potent operating mechanisms in palladium‐catalysed direct CH coupling of oxazole and thiazole‐4‐carboxylate esters with halides through base‐ and solvent‐effect experiments. Novel C2‐ and C5‐selective CMD direct arylation procedures in oxazole‐ and thiazole‐4‐carboxylate
Alkyl- and arylphosphines have been screened in competitive C2-H/C5-H direct phenylation of oxa(thia)zole-4-carboxylates using Cs2CO3 and Rb2CO3 carbonate bases. nCMD-based C2-H selective direct phenylation was highly kinetically reduced (or enhanced) in favor (or to the detriment) of CMD-based direct C5-H phenylation with bromo- and chlorobenzene, respectively, using highly electron-rich ligands. These results gave novel experimental proof in favor of the electrophilic substitution-type mechanism for nCMD process based upon a prior nitrogen-arylpalladium complex interaction that preludes the deprotonation step. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Direct palladium-catalyzed alkenylation, benzylation and alkylation of ethyl oxazole-4-carboxylate with alkenyl-, benzyl- and alkyl halides
The ethyl oxazole-4-carboxylate was directly and regioselectively alkenylated, benzylated and alkylated with alkenyl-, benzyl-, allyl- and alkylhalides in the presence of catalytic amounts of palladiumacetate with caesium carbonate using Buchwald's JohnPhos ligand.