吡嗪类化合物是指含有苯环的1,4位各有一个杂氮原子的杂环化合物,与嘧啶和哒嗪互为同分异构体。它们具有较弱的芳香性,类似于吡啶。这类化合物不易发生亲电取代反应,但容易与亲核试剂反应。当碳原子上的氢被甲基或卤素取代后,卤素或甲基上的氢表现出活性。在自然界中,纯品较为罕见,但其结构存在于叶酸中,构成蝶呤部分。工业上通常通过乙醇胺的气相催化脱氢制备吡嗪类化合物。
吡嗪类衍生物有着广泛的应用。例如,二苯并吡嗪是一种重要的染料;吩嗪(phenazine)因具有抗肿瘤、抗菌和利尿等性质而闻名。四甲基吡嗪则被报道能够捕捉超氧阴离子,并减少人体粒细胞的氮氧化物产生。六氢吡嗪或哌嗪的柠檬酸盐是一种常用的牲畜驱虫剂,特别对蛔虫有效;2,5-二酮哌嗪则是制备肽类化合物的重要试剂。
吡嗪类香料通常具有烤香、坚果香、爆玉米花及咖啡等香味特征,虽然不具备肉香味特性,却常用于肉味香精配方中,能增添香精的烧烤风味并使整体香味更加浓郁。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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2-乙烯基吡嗪 | 2-vinylpyrazine | 4177-16-6 | C6H6N2 |
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2-乙氧基-3-异丙基吡嗪 | 2-Ethoxy-3-isopropylpyrazine | 72797-16-1 | C9H14N2O |
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2-乙氧基-3-乙基吡嗪 | 2-Ethoxy-3-ethylpyrazine | 35243-43-7 | C8H12N2O |
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2-乙氧基-3(5或6)-甲基吡嗪 | 2-(ethoxymethyl)pyrazine | 65504-94-1 | C7H10N2O |
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2-乙氧基-2-甲基吡嗪 | (ethoxymethyl)2-phenol | 20920-83-6 | C9H12O2 |
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2-乙基-3-(甲硫基)吡嗪 | 2-ethyl-3-(methylthio)pyrazine | 72987-62-3 | C7H10N2S |
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2-丁基-3-甲基吡嗪 | 2-n-butyl-3-methylpyrazine | 15987-00-5 | C9H14N2 |
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2-[(4-氟苯基)磺酰基]六氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-6(2H)-酮 | Unifiram | 272786-64-8 | C13H15FN2O3S |
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2-Boc-氨基-5-氨基吡嗪 | tert-Butyl (5-aminopyrazin-2-yl)carbamate | 920313-67-3 | C9H14N4O2 |
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2-(三正丁基锡)吡嗪 | (2-pyrazinyl)tributyltin | 205371-27-3 | C16H30N2Sn |
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2-(1H-1,2,4-三唑-5-基)吡嗪 | 3-pyrazinyl-1,2,4-triazole | 130612-31-6 | C6H5N5 |
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2-((6-氯吡嗪-3-基)甲基)异吲哚啉-1,3-二酮 | 2-((6-chloropyridazin-3-yl)methyl)isoindoline-1,3-dione | 948996-03-0 | C13H8ClN3O2 |
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2,6-二溴吡嗪 | 2,6-dibromopyrazine | 23229-25-6 | C4H2Br2N2 |
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2,6-二氨基吡嗪 | 2,6-Diaminopyrazine | 41536-80-5 | C4H6N4 |
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2,5-吡嗪二羧酸二水合物 | 2,5-Pyrazinedicarboxylic acid dihydrate | 205692-63-3 | C6H8N2O6 |
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2,5-吡嗪二羧酸 | 2,5-pyrazinedicarboxylic acid | 122-05-4 | C6H4N2O4 |
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2,5-二溴吡嗪 | 2-5-dibromopyrazine | 23229-26-7 | C4H2Br2N2 |
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2,5-二氯吡嗪 | 2,5-dichloropyrazine | 19745-07-4 | C4H2Cl2N2 |
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2,3-吡嗪二甲酰胺 | pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxamide | 6164-78-9 | C6H6N4O2 |
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2,3-二甲氧基吡嗪 | 2,3-dimethoxypyrazine | 68468-30-4 | C6H8N2O2 |
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2,3-二溴吡嗪 | 2,3-dibromopyrazine | 95538-03-7 | C4H2Br2N2 |
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2,3-二氰基吡嗪 | pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile | 13481-25-9 | C6H2N4 |
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2,3-二氰基-5-甲基吡嗪 | 5-methylpyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile | 52197-12-3 | C7H4N4 |
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2,3-二氰基-5-氨基-6-氯吡嗪 | 2-amino-3-chloro-5,6-dicyanopyrazine | 56413-96-8 | C6H2ClN5 |
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2,3-二氯吡啶并[2,3-b]吡嗪 | 2,3-Dichloro-pyrido[2,3-b]pyrazine | 25710-18-3 | C7H3Cl2N3 |
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2,3,5-三溴吡嗪 | 2,3,5-tribromopyrazine | 32314-09-3 | C4HBr3N2 |
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2,3,5-三氯吡嗪 | 2,3,5-trichloropyrazine | 873-40-5 | C4HCl3N2 |
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2,3,5,6-四(4-溴苯基)吡嗪 | 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)pyrazine | 52889-50-6 | C28H16Br4N2 |
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10-[(二甲硫基氨基甲酰)硫代]-5,10-二氢吩吡嗪 | 10-((Dimethylthiocarbamoyl)thio)-5,10-dihydrophenarsazine | 4808-24-6 | C15H15AsN2S2 |
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1-环丙基甲基哌嗪二盐酸盐 | 1-(Cyclopropylmethyl)piperazine diHydrochloride | 373608-42-5 | C8H18Cl2N2 |
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1-溴-5,6-二氢咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-7(8h)-羧酸叔丁酯 | tert-butyl 1-bromo-5,6-dihydroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazine-7(8H)-carboxylate | 1188265-64-6 | C11H16BrN3O2 |
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1-溴-3-甲基-咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪 | 1-Brom-3-methyl-imidazo<1,5-a>pyrazin | 56481-29-9 | C7H6BrN3 |
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1-(4-氟苯基)-1H-吡咯-4-甲醛 | 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-1H-pyrazole-4-carbaldehyde | 890652-03-6 | C10H7FN2O |
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1-(2-吡嗪基)-4-哌啶甲酸 | 1-pyrazin-2-yl-piperidine-4-carboxylic acid | 606104-21-6 | C10H13N3O2 |
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1,4-二氮杂-5-环庚酮盐酸盐 | 1,4-diazepan-5-one hydrochloride | 208245-76-5 | C5H10N2O*ClH |
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1,4,5,6-四氢-5,6-二氧-2,3-吡嗪二甲腈 | 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-5,6-dioxo-2,3-pyrazinedicarbonitrile | 36023-64-0 | C6H2N4O2 |
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1,2,3,4-四氢吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪 | 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydropyrrolo<1,2-a>pyrazine | 71257-38-0 | C7H10N2 |
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1,2,3,4-四氢-1-甲基吡咯[1,2-A]吡嗪 | 1-Methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrrolo<1,2-a>pyrazine | 73627-18-6 | C8H12N2 |
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,1-二乙氧基乙烷 | 1-chloropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 136927-64-5 | C7H5ClN2 |
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(S)-苄基2-(1-溴-8-氯咪唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪-3-基)吡咯烷-1-羧酸 | (S)-benzyl 2-(1-bromo-8-chloroimidazo[1,5-a]pyrazin-3-yl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1420478-87-0 | C18H16BrClN4O2 |
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(S)-N-(3-(1-((6-(3,4-二甲氧基苯基)吡嗪-2-基)氨基)乙基)苯基)-5-甲基烟酰胺 | Seralutinib | 1619931-27-9 | C27H27N5O3 |
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(S)-2-((3-氯吡嗪-2-基)甲基氨基甲酰)吡咯烷-1-羧酸苄酯 | (S)-benzyl 2-((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)methylcarbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate | 1418307-17-1 | C18H19ClN4O3 |
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(S)-2,5-二氢-3,6-二甲氧基-2-异丙基吡嗪 | (S)-2-isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxy-2,5-dihydropyrazine | 78342-42-4 | C9H16N2O2 |
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(R)-六氢-噁唑并[3,4-a]吡嗪-3-酮盐酸盐 | (R)-hexahydro-oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazin-3-one hydrochloride | 1212327-95-1 | C6H10N2O2*ClH |
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(R)-2,5-二氢-3,6-二甲氧基-2-异丙基吡嗪 | (2R)-2,5-dihydro-2-isopropyl-3,6-dimethoxypyrazine | 109838-85-9 | C9H16N2O2 |
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(9CI)-吡咯并[1,2-a]吡嗪-1(2H)-酮 | pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazin-1(2H)-one | 136927-63-4 | C7H6N2O |
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(8aS)-8a-甲基-八氢吡咯并[1,2-a]哌嗪 | (S)-8a-methyloctahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 1261569-85-0 | C8H16N2 |
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(5-氯吡嗪-2-基)甲醇 | (5-chloropyrazin-2-yl)methanol | 72788-94-4 | C5H5ClN2O |
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(3-氯吡嗪-2-基)甲胺盐酸盐 | (3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)methanamine hydrochloride | 939412-86-9 | C5H6ClN3*ClH |
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(3-氯吡嗪-2-基)甲胺双盐酸盐 | (3-Chloropyrazin-2-yl)methanamine dihydrochloride | 867165-53-5 | C5H8Cl3N3 |
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