吡嗪类化合物是指含有苯环的1,4位各有一个杂氮原子的杂环化合物,与嘧啶和哒嗪互为同分异构体。它们具有较弱的芳香性,类似于吡啶。这类化合物不易发生亲电取代反应,但容易与亲核试剂反应。当碳原子上的氢被甲基或卤素取代后,卤素或甲基上的氢表现出活性。在自然界中,纯品较为罕见,但其结构存在于叶酸中,构成蝶呤部分。工业上通常通过乙醇胺的气相催化脱氢制备吡嗪类化合物。
吡嗪类衍生物有着广泛的应用。例如,二苯并吡嗪是一种重要的染料;吩嗪(phenazine)因具有抗肿瘤、抗菌和利尿等性质而闻名。四甲基吡嗪则被报道能够捕捉超氧阴离子,并减少人体粒细胞的氮氧化物产生。六氢吡嗪或哌嗪的柠檬酸盐是一种常用的牲畜驱虫剂,特别对蛔虫有效;2,5-二酮哌嗪则是制备肽类化合物的重要试剂。
吡嗪类香料通常具有烤香、坚果香、爆玉米花及咖啡等香味特征,虽然不具备肉香味特性,却常用于肉味香精配方中,能增添香精的烧烤风味并使整体香味更加浓郁。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
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3,6-二氨基-2,5-吡嗪二甲腈 | 2,5-diamino-3,6-dicyanopyrazine | 133940-72-4 | C6H4N6 |
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3,5-二甲基吡嗪-2-胺 | 3,5-dimethylpyrazin-2-amine | 91678-81-8 | C6H9N3 |
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3,5-二溴对氨基苯磺酰胺 | 3,5-dibromosulfanilamide | 39150-45-3 | C6H6Br2N2O2S |
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3,5-二溴-6-溴-2-氨基吡嗪 | 3,5-dibromo-6-chloropyrazin-2-amine | 566205-01-4 | C4H2Br2ClN3 |
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3,5-二溴-2-羟基吡嗪 | 3,5-dibromopyrazin-2(1H)-one | 21943-15-7 | C4H2Br2N2O |
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3,5-二溴-2-氯吡嗪 | 3,5-dibromo-2-chloropyrazine | 1082843-70-6 | C4HBr2ClN2 |
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3,5-二氯-6-乙基吡嗪-2-甲腈 | 3,5-dichloro-6-ethylpyrazine-2-carbonitrile | 1254055-46-3 | C7H5Cl2N3 |
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3,5-二氯-2-碘吡嗪 | 3,5-dichloro-2-iodopyrazine | 136866-30-3 | C4HCl2IN2 |
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3,5-二氯-2-甲基-吡嗪 | 3,5-dichloro-2-methylpyrazine | 89284-38-8 | C5H4Cl2N2 |
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3,5-二氨基-6-氯吡嗪-2-羧酸甲酯 | 3,5-diamino-6-chloro-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 1458-01-1 | C6H7ClN4O2 |
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3,5-二乙基-2-甲基-吡嗪 | 3,5-diethyl-2-methyl-pyrazine | 18138-05-1 | C9H14N2 |
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3,5,6-三氯吡嗪-2-胺 | 2-amino-3,5,6-trichloropyrazine | 13484-51-0 | C4H2Cl3N3 |
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2-羟甲基吡嗪 | pyrazin-2-ylmethanol | 6705-33-5 | C5H6N2O |
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2-羟基-6-甲基吡嗪 | 6-methylpyrazin-2-one | 20721-18-0 | C5H6N2O |
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2-羟基-5-氯吡嗪 | 5-chloropyrazin-2-ol | 89180-45-0 | C4H3ClN2O |
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2-羟基-3-溴吡嗪 | 3-Bromopyrazin-2-ol | 1261634-06-3 | C4H3BrN2O |
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2-羟基-3-吡嗪羧酸甲酯 | methyl 3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxylate | 27825-20-3 | C6H6N2O3 |
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2-碘吡嗪 | 2-iodopyrazine | 32111-21-0 | C4H3IN2 |
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2-碘-3-羧酸甲酯吡嗪 | methyl 3-iodopyrazine-2-carboxylate | 173290-17-0 | C6H5IN2O2 |
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2-碘-3-羧酸吡嗪 | (3-iodo-2-pyrazine)carboxylic acid | 212471-40-4 | C5H3IN2O2 |
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2-甲酰基-3-甲氧基吡嗪 | 3-methoxypyrazine-2-carbaldehyde | 63874-90-8 | C6H6N2O2 |
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2-甲氨基吡嗪 | pyrazin-2-ylmethanamine hydrochloride | 39204-49-4 | C5H7N3*ClH |
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2-甲氨基吡嗪 | N-methylpyrazin-2-amine | 32111-28-7 | C5H7N3 |
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2-甲基-6-丙氧基吡嗪 | 2-Methyl-6-propoxypyrazine | 67845-28-7 | C8H12N2O |
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2-甲基-3-异丙氧基吡嗪 | 2-Isopropoxy-3-methylpyrazine | 94089-22-2 | C8H12N2O |
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2-甲基-3-丙基吡嗪 | 2-Propyl-3-methylpyrazine | 15986-80-8 | C8H12N2 |
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2-甲基-3-(2-甲基丙基)吡嗪 | 2-methyl-3-(2-methylpropyl)pyrazine | 13925-06-9 | C9H14N2 |
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2-溴甲基吡嗪 | 2-(bromomethyl)pyrazine | 60023-35-0 | C5H5BrN2 |
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2-溴吡嗪[4,5-a]并吡咯 | 6-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 912773-24-1 | C6H4BrN3 |
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2-溴吡嗪 | 2-bromopyrazine | 56423-63-3 | C4H3BrN2 |
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2-溴-7-碘-5H-吡咯并[2,3-B]吡嗪 | 2-bromo-7-iodo-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine | 875781-44-5 | C6H3BrIN3 |
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2-溴-6-氯吡嗪 | 2-bromo-6-chloropyrazine | 916791-07-6 | C4H2BrClN2 |
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2-溴-5H-吡咯并[2,3-B]吡嗪-7-甲醛 | 2-bromo-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine-7-carbaldehyde | 1185428-32-3 | C7H4BrN3O |
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2-溴-5-苯基吡嗪 | 2-Bromo-5-phenylpyrazine | 243472-69-7 | C10H7BrN2 |
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2-溴-5-羟基吡嗪 | 5-bromopyrazin-2-ol | 374063-92-0 | C4H3BrN2O |
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2-溴-5-碘吡嗪 | 2-bromo-5-iodo-pyrazine | 622392-04-5 | C4H2BrIN2 |
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2-溴-5-硝基吡嗪 | 2-bromo-5-nitropyrazine | 117103-53-4 | C4H2BrN3O2 |
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2-溴-5-甲硫基吡嗪 | 2-bromo-5-(methylsulfanyl)pyrazine | 1049026-49-4 | C5H5BrN2S |
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2-溴-5-甲氧基吡嗪 | 2-bromo-5-methoxypyrazine | 143250-10-6 | C5H5BrN2O |
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2-溴-5-甲基吡嗪 | 2-bromo-5-methylpyrazine | 98006-90-7 | C5H5BrN2 |
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2-溴-5-氰基吡嗪 | 5-bromopyrazine-2-carbonitrile | 221295-04-1 | C5H2BrN3 |
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2-溴-5-氯吡嗪 | 2-bromo-5-chloropyrazine | 912773-21-8 | C4H2BrClN2 |
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2-溴-5-氯-3-甲基吡嗪 | 2-bromo-5-chloro-3-methylpyrazine | 1260664-82-1 | C5H4BrClN2 |
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2-溴-5-乙基吡嗪 | 2-bromo-5-ethyl-pyrazine | 1086382-74-2 | C6H7BrN2 |
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2-溴-5-三氟甲基吡嗪 | 2-bromo-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazine | 1196152-38-1 | C5H2BrF3N2 |
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2-溴-3-甲基吡嗪 | 2-bromo-3-methylpyrazine | 120984-76-1 | C5H5BrN2 |
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2-氰基-6-甲氧基哌嗪 | 2-Cyano-6-methoxypyridine | 136309-07-4 | C6H5N3O |
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2-氯甲基咪唑并吡嗪 | 2-chloromethylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 57937-60-7 | C7H6ClN3 |
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2-氯甲基吡嗪 | 2-(chloromethyl)pyrazine | 39204-47-2 | C5H5ClN2 |
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2-氯吡嗪-3-羧酸 | 3-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid | 27398-39-6 | C5H3ClN2O2 |
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