吡嗪类化合物是指含有苯环的1,4位各有一个杂氮原子的杂环化合物,与嘧啶和哒嗪互为同分异构体。它们具有较弱的芳香性,类似于吡啶。这类化合物不易发生亲电取代反应,但容易与亲核试剂反应。当碳原子上的氢被甲基或卤素取代后,卤素或甲基上的氢表现出活性。在自然界中,纯品较为罕见,但其结构存在于叶酸中,构成蝶呤部分。工业上通常通过乙醇胺的气相催化脱氢制备吡嗪类化合物。
吡嗪类衍生物有着广泛的应用。例如,二苯并吡嗪是一种重要的染料;吩嗪(phenazine)因具有抗肿瘤、抗菌和利尿等性质而闻名。四甲基吡嗪则被报道能够捕捉超氧阴离子,并减少人体粒细胞的氮氧化物产生。六氢吡嗪或哌嗪的柠檬酸盐是一种常用的牲畜驱虫剂,特别对蛔虫有效;2,5-二酮哌嗪则是制备肽类化合物的重要试剂。
吡嗪类香料通常具有烤香、坚果香、爆玉米花及咖啡等香味特征,虽然不具备肉香味特性,却常用于肉味香精配方中,能增添香精的烧烤风味并使整体香味更加浓郁。
中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
---|---|---|---|---|
—— | 2-Ethynyl-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazine | 1211529-10-0 | C7H3F3N2 |
|
—— | 5-(bromomethyl)-2,3-dimethylpyrazine | 1339947-51-1 | C7H9BrN2 |
|
—— | benzyl (S)-2-(((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (benzyl (S)-2-(((3-chloropyrazin-2-yl)methyl)carbamoyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate) | 2251014-87-4 | C18H19ClN4O3 |
|
—— | 8-((3R,4S)-4-Ethylpyrrolidin-3-yl)-3H-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrrolo[2,3-e]pyrazine dihydrochloride | 2050038-84-9 | C14H19Cl2N5 |
|
—— | (1R,8aS)-1-methyl-1-propan-2-yl-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-[1,3]oxazolo[3,4-a]pyrazine | 1321925-29-4 | C10H20N2O |
|
—— | 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid | 1060812-74-9 | C6H3F3N2O2 |
|
—— | 3,6-bis(phenoxy)pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile | 72114-13-7 | C18H10N4O2 |
|
—— | 3,6-dioxopiperazine-2-carboxamide | 98142-97-3 | C5H7N3O3 |
|
—— | pyrazine(bis)trifluoroborane | 34038-18-1 | C4H4B2F6N2 |
|
—— | 2-Chloro-5-cyclopropylpyrazine | 1244761-68-9 | C7H7ClN2 |
|
—— | N-(pyrazine-2-yl-carbonyl)-L-phenylalanine sodium salt | 1093959-75-1 | C14H12N3O3*Na |
|
—— | pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylic acid dihydrate | 205692-63-3 | C6H4N2O4*2H2O |
|
—— | 6-chloro-8-methyl-imidazo[1,2-<i>b</i>]pyridazine-2-carboxylic acid | 64068-13-9 | C8H6ClN3O2 |
|
—— | 3-Amino-6-(chloromethyl)-2-pyrazinecarbonitrile 4-oxide | 40127-89-7 | C6H5ClN4O |
|
—— | 5-chloro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-2-ylamine | 1454653-85-0 | C5H4ClN5 |
|
—— | 3-chloro-5-((2-(trimethylsilyl)ethoxy)methyl)-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazine | 1270497-66-9 | C12H18ClN3OSi |
|
—— | 3-bromo-8-chloro-2-(trifluoromethyl)imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 1334167-29-1 | C7H2BrClF3N3 |
|
—— | Pyrazine-2,5-dicarboxylate | 205692-63-3 | C6H2N2O4-2 |
|
—— | 3-Ethyl-s-triazolo<4,3-a>pyrazin | 33590-18-0 | C7H8N4 |
|
—— | 1-(5,8,14-triazatetracyclo[10.3.1.0<sup>2,11</sup>.0<sup>4,9</sup>]hexadeca-2,4,6,8,10-pentaen-4-yl)-2,2,2-trifluoroethanone | 230615-70-0 | C15H12F3N3O |
|
—— | 6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylimidazo<1,2-a>pyrazin-3(7H)-one hydrochloride | 128322-44-1 | C14H13N3O2*ClH |
|
—— | 290-37-9 | C4H4N2 |
|
|
—— | 2,3-pyrazinedithiol | 80458-31-7 | C4H4N2S2 |
|
—— | pyrazine-2,5-diamine dihydrochloride | 1588441-32-0 | C4H6N4*2ClH |
|
—— | 1-oxy-pyrazine-2,6-diamine | 41536-72-5 | C4H6N4O |
|
—— | 2,6-dimethylpiperazine | 21655-48-1 | C6H14N2 |
|
—— | SR 95533 | 66548-69-4 | C13H9F3N4 |
|
—— | 5-tosyl-5H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyrazin-2-amine | 1201187-46-3 | C13H12N4O2S |
|