吡嗪类化合物
吡嗪类化合物是指含有苯环的1,4位各有一个杂氮原子的杂环化合物，与嘧啶和哒嗪互为同分异构体。它们具有较弱的芳香性，类似于吡啶。这类化合物不易发生亲电取代反应，但容易与亲核试剂反应。当碳原子上的氢被甲基或卤素取代后，卤素或甲基上的氢表现出活性。在自然界中，纯品较为罕见，但其结构存在于叶酸中，构成蝶呤部分。工业上通常通过乙醇胺的气相催化脱氢制备吡嗪类化合物。
吡嗪类衍生物有着广泛的应用。例如，二苯并吡嗪是一种重要的染料；吩嗪（phenazine）因具有抗肿瘤、抗菌和利尿等性质而闻名。四甲基吡嗪则被报道能够捕捉超氧阴离子，并减少人体粒细胞的氮氧化物产生。六氢吡嗪或哌嗪的柠檬酸盐是一种常用的牲畜驱虫剂，特别对蛔虫有效；2,5-二酮哌嗪则是制备肽类化合物的重要试剂。
吡嗪类香料通常具有烤香、坚果香、爆玉米花及咖啡等香味特征，虽然不具备肉香味特性，却常用于肉味香精配方中，能增添香精的烧烤风味并使整体香味更加浓郁。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 | 结构式图片 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 6-氰基-2-氯吡嗪 | 6-chloropyrazine-2-carbonitrile | 6863-74-7 | C5H2ClN3 |
|
| 6-氯吡嗪-2-羧酸 | 6-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylic acid | 23688-89-3 | C5H3ClN2O2 |
|
| 6-氯吡嗪-2-甲醇 | (6-chloropyrazin-2-yl)methanol | 1240602-95-2 | C5H5ClN2O |
|
| 6-氯-3-羟基吡嗪-2-甲腈 | 6-chloro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carbonitrile | 1374986-27-2 | C5H2ClN3O |
|
| 6-氯-2-吡嗪甲酸甲酯 | 6-chloro-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid methyl ester | 23611-75-8 | C6H5ClN2O2 |
|
| 6-氧代-1,6-二氢吡嗪-2-羧酸 | 6-Hydroxy-pyrazin-2-carbonsaeure | 13924-99-7 | C5H4N2O3 |
|
| 6-(三氟甲基)吡嗪-2-胺 | 6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazin-2-amine | 69816-35-9 | C5H4F3N3 |
|
| 6-(4-甲氧基苯基)-2-甲基-3,7-二氢咪唑并[1,2-a]吡嗪-3-酮盐酸盐 | 6-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3(7H)-one hydrochloride | 128322-44-1 | C14H14ClN3O2 |
|
| 6,8-二溴咪唑并[1,2-a]吡嗪 | 6,8-dibromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 63744-22-9 | C6H3Br2N3 |
|
| 6,8-二溴-2-甲基咪唑并[1,2-A]吡嗪 | 6,8-dibromo-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 1208082-91-0 | C7H5Br2N3 |
|
| 6,8-二溴-2-甲基-[1,2,4]三唑并[1,5-A]吡嗪 | 6,8-Dibromo-2-methyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine | 1198475-31-8 | C6H4Br2N4 |
|
| 6,8-二氯-3-甲基咪唑并[1,2-a]吡嗪 | 3-methyl-6,8-dichloroimidazo<1,2-a>pyrazine | 84066-16-0 | C7H5Cl2N3 |
|
| 5-羟基吡嗪-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxylate | 13924-95-3 | C6H6N2O3 |
|
| 5-羟基吡嗪-2-羧酸 | 5-hydroxypyrazinoic acid | 34604-60-9 | C5H4N2O3 |
|
| 5-甲氧基吡嗪-2-甲酸 | 5-methoxy-pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid | 40155-42-8 | C6H6N2O3 |
|
| 5-甲基吡嗪-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylate | 41110-33-2 | C7H8N2O2 |
|
| 5-甲基吡嗪-2-羧酰胺 | 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxamide | 5521-57-3 | C6H7N3O |
|
| 5-甲基吡嗪-2,3-二羧酸 | 5-methyl-pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid | 5521-60-8 | C7H6N2O4 |
|
| 5-甲基-6,7-二氢环戊基哌嗪 | 5-Methyl-6,7-dihydro-5H-cyclopentapyrazin | 23747-48-0 | C8H10N2 |
|
| 5-溴哒嗪-3-胺 | 5-bromopyridazin-3-amine | 1187237-00-8 | C4H4BrN3 |
|
| 5-溴咪唑并吡嗪 | 5-bromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 87597-26-0 | C6H4BrN3 |
|
| 5-溴-N3-甲基-吡嗪-2,3-二胺 | 6-bromo-N2-methylpyrazine-2,3-diamine | 55635-63-7 | C5H7BrN4 |
|
| 5-溴-3-氯吡嗪-2-胺 | 5-bromo-3-chloropyrazin-2-amine | 21943-13-5 | C4H3BrClN3 |
|
| 5-溴-3-氯吡嗪 | 5-bromo-3-chloropyridazine | 1196155-33-5 | C4H2BrClN2 |
|
| 5-溴-3-((三甲基硅基)乙炔)吡嗪-2-胺 | 5-bromo-3-((trimethylsilyl)ethynyl)pyrazin-2-amine | 875781-41-2 | C9H12BrN3Si |
|
| 5-溴-2-氯-3-甲氧基吡嗪 | 5-bromo-2-chloro-3-methoxypyrazine | 89283-94-3 | C5H4BrClN2O |
|
| 5-溴-2-吡嗪甲酸 | 5-bromopyrazine-2-carboxylic acid | 876161-05-6 | C5H3BrN2O2 |
|
| 5-溴-2-(二甲基氨基)吡嗪 | 5-bromo-N,N-dimethylpyrazin-2-amine | 446286-94-8 | C6H8BrN3 |
|
| 5-溴-2,3-二甲氧基吡嗪 | 5-bromo-2,3-dimethoxypyrazine | 89466-19-3 | C6H7BrN2O2 |
|
| 5-溴-2,3-二氨基吡嗪 | 5-bromopyrazine-2,3-diamine | 89123-58-0 | C4H5BrN4 |
|
| 5-氯咪唑并[1,2-a]吡嗪 | 5-chloro-imidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 63744-41-2 | C6H4ClN3 |
|
| 5-氯吡嗪-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-chloropyrazine-2-carboxylate | 33332-25-1 | C6H5ClN2O2 |
|
| 5-氯吡嗪-2-羧酸 | 5-chloropyrazinoic acid | 36070-80-1 | C5H3ClN2O2 |
|
| 5-氯吡嗪-2-甲醛 | 5-chloropyrazine-2-carbaldehyde | 88625-24-5 | C5H3ClN2O |
|
| 5-氯吡嗪-2-甲酸乙酯 | ethyl 5-chloropyrazinoate | 54013-04-6 | C7H7ClN2O2 |
|
| 5-氯-6-甲基-2-吡嗪胺 | 2-Amino-5-chloro-6-methylpyrazine | 453548-87-3 | C5H6ClN3 |
|
| 5-氯-2,3-二甲基吡嗪 | 2-chloro-5,6-dimethylpyrazine | 59489-32-6 | C6H7ClN2 |
|
| 5-氨基吡嗪-2-羧酸乙酯 | ethyl 5-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate | 54013-06-8 | C7H9N3O2 |
|
| 5-(溴甲基)吡嗪-2-羧酸甲酯 | methyl 5-(bromomethyl)pyrazine-2-carboxylate | 193966-70-0 | C7H7BrN2O2 |
|
| 5-(2-甲氧基乙氧基)吡嗪-2-胺 | 2-amino-5-methoxyethoxypyrazine | 710322-71-7 | C7H11N3O2 |
|
| 5-(2-吡嗪基)-1H-四唑 | 2-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyrazine | 16289-54-6 | C5H4N6 |
|
| 5,8-二溴喹噁啉 | 5,8-dibromoquinoxaline | 148231-12-3 | C8H4Br2N2 |
|
| 5,8-二溴咪唑并[1,2-a]吡嗪 | 5,8-dibromoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazine | 957344-74-0 | C6H3Br2N3 |
|
| 5,8-二溴-[1,2,4]噻唑并[1,5-a]吡嗪 | 5,8-dibromo-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine | 959755-46-5 | C5H2Br2N4 |
|
| 5,6-二氯-[1,2,5]恶二唑并[3,4-B]吡嗪 | 5,6-dichlorofurazano[3,4-b]pyrazine | 153493-48-2 | C4Cl2N4O |
|
| 5,6-二氯-2,3-二氰基吡嗪 | 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanopyrazine | 56413-95-7 | C6Cl2N4 |
|
| 5,6-二氨基-2,3-二氰基吡嗪 | 5,6-diaminopyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile | 36023-58-2 | C6H4N6 |
|
| 5,6,7,8-四氢-[1,2,4]三唑[1,5-A]吡嗪 | 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine | 233278-56-3 | C5H8N4 |
|
| 4-甲基吡嗪-3,6-二酮 | 4-methylpyridazine-3,6-dione | 73268-15-2 | C5H4N2O2 |
|
| 4-溴-3-甲基吡唑 | 4-bromo-3-methyl-1H-pyrazole | 13808-64-5 | C4H5BrN2 |
|
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