添加剂是指在生产过程中为了改善产品性能、提高效率或者实现特定功能而加入的辅助物质。它们广泛应用于有机化学、化学化工和生物医药等领域。
1. 有机化学中的添加剂催化剂:在合成反应中,催化剂能够加速化学反应并降低活化能,但不被消耗或仅少量参与最终产物。例如,铂是一种有效的氢气还原催化剂。
溶剂:用于溶解底物和试剂以促进化学反应的进行。水、乙醇等都是常用的溶剂。
稳定剂:防止聚合物老化或降解的物质,如抗氧化剂可以保护塑料制品不受热氧的影响。
表面活性剂:用于改善液体的润湿性,减少界面张力。肥皂和洗涤剂就是常用的表面活性剂。
营养补充剂:在细胞培养基中加入特定维生素、氨基酸等成分以支持细胞生长。
药物载体与辅料:将药物包裹或分散于适当材料中,提高药物的稳定性和生物利用度。微囊化技术是一种常用的药物递送方法。
添加剂的选择需考虑其化学性质及其在特定应用环境下的表现。正确合理地选择与使用添加剂对于确保产品的质量和安全性至关重要。
| 中文名称 | 英文名称 | CAS号 | 化学式 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 硬脂烷醛 | n-Octadecanal | 638-66-4 | C18H36O |
| 硫杂环丁烷-1,1-二氧化物 | thiethane 1,1-dioxide | 5687-92-3 | C3H6O2S |
| 硫化舒林酸 | sulindac sulfide | 32004-67-4 | C20H17FO2S |
| 硫代烟酸 | thionicotinic acid | 51087-03-7 | C6H5NOS |
| 盐酸雷莫司琼 | ramosetron hydrochloride | 132907-72-3 | C17H17N3O*ClH |
| 盐酸维那卡兰 | Vernakalant hydrochloride | 748810-28-8 | C20H31NO4*ClH |
| 盐酸三甲卡因; 盐酸美索卡因 | trimecaine hydrochloric acid | 1027-14-1 | C15H24N2O*ClH |
| 白藜芦醇甙 | trans-resveratroloside | 38963-95-0 | C20H22O8 |
| 白藜芦醇三苄醚 | (E)-1-(4-(benzyloxy)phenyl)-2-(3,5-bis(benzyloxy)phenyl)-ethene | 89946-06-5 | C35H30O3 |
| 白藜芦醇-4'-O-(6″-没食子酰基)葡萄糖苷 | Resveratrol 4'-(6-galloylglucoside) | 64898-03-9 | C27H26O12 |
| 甲苯-3,4-二硫醇锌 | toluene-3,4-dithiol zinc salt | 29726-21-4 | C7H6S2*Zn |
| 甲磺酸丙酯 | propyl methanesulfonate | 1912-31-8 | C4H10O3S |
| 甲基1,3-二甲基-1H-吡唑-5-羧酸酯 | methyl 1,3-dimethylpyrazole-5-carboxylate | 10250-59-6 | C7H10N2O2 |
| 甘氨酰-L-脯氨酰-L-丙氨酸 | gly-pro-ala | 837-83-2 | C10H17N3O4 |
| 瑞舒伐他汀钙中间体六 | methyl (3R,6E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(N-methylmethanesulfonamido)-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3-hydroxy-5-oxohept-6-enoate | 147118-39-6 | C23H28FN3O6S |
| 瑞舒伐他汀甲酯 | rosuvastatin methyl ester | 147118-40-9 | C23H30FN3O6S |
| 瑞舒伐他汀内酯 | Rosuvastatin lactone | 503610-43-3 | C22H26FN3O5S |
| 瑞沙托维 | ethyl (6R)-6-[N-(2-chloro-4-fluorophenyl) sulfamoyl] cyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylate | 243984-11-4 | C15H17ClFNO4S |
| 琥珀醛四甲缩醛 | Succindialdehyd-bis-<dimethylacetal> | 6922-39-0 | C8H18O4 |
| 琥珀酰胺酸甲酯 | methyl succinamate | 53171-39-4 | C5H9NO3 |
| 环(L-色氨酰-L-色氨酰) | (3S,6S)-3,6-Bis-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione | 20829-55-4 | C22H20N4O2 |
| 特拉唑嗪杂质E | 1,4-Bis(4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-quinazolinyl)piperazine | 102839-00-9 | C24H28N8O4 |
| 特戊基乙基醚 | 2-ethyl-2-ethoxypropane | 919-94-8 | C7H16O |
| 烯丙基辛基醚 | allyl octyl ether | 3295-97-4 | C11H22O |
| 烯丙基对甲苯醚 | allyl p-tolyl ether | 23431-48-3 | C10H12O |
| 烯丙基丙基硫醚 | allyl propyl sulfide | 27817-67-0 | C6H12S |
| 炔雌醇环戊醚 | quinestrol | 152-43-2 | C25H32O2 |
| 溴吡咯苯宁 | Prifinium bromide | 4630-95-9 | C22H28BrN |
| 水溶性四氮唑-5 | Disodium;2-[[4-[2-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-[4-[4-[3-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-yl)-5-[4-[bis(2-sulfonatoethyl)carbamoyl]phenyl]tetrazol-2-ium-2-yl]-3-methoxyphenyl]-2-methoxyphenyl]tetrazol-3-ium-5-yl]benzoyl]-(2-sulfonatoethyl)amino]ethanesulfonate | 178925-55-8 | C52H44N12Na2O16S6 |
| 水杨酸对辛基苯基酯 | 4-Octylphenyl Salicylate | 2512-56-3 | C21H26O3 |
| 水杨酸对硝基苯酯 | Salicylsaeure-4-nitrophenylester | 17374-48-0 | C13H9NO5 |
| 水杨酸对甲苯酯 | p-tolyl 2-hydroxybenzoate | 607-88-5 | C14H12O3 |
| 水杨酸-4-叔丁基苯酯 | 4-tert-butylphenyl salicylate | 87-18-3 | C17H18O3 |
| 氰十二烷 | tridecanenitrile | 629-60-7 | C13H25N |
| 氨基硫脲单盐酸盐 | thiosemicarbazide hydrochloride | 4346-94-5 | CH6N3S*Cl |
| 氨乙基硫醚 | 2,2-diaminoethylthioether | 871-76-1 | C4H12N2S |
| 氧化松节油酸 | terebic acid | 79-91-4 | C7H10O4 |
| 氢化松香 | leelamine | 1446-61-3 | C20H31N |
| 正戊酰溴 | valeryl bromide | 1889-26-5 | C5H9BrO |
| 正十四烷基琥珀酸酐 | 2-n-tetradecylsuccinic anhydride | 47165-57-1 | C18H32O3 |
| 正十一烷基酯 | diundecyl ether | 43146-97-0 | C22H46O |
| 桥环吗啡啉盐酸盐 | (1S,4S)-2-oxa-5-azabicyclo[2.2.1]heptane hydrochloride | 31560-06-2 | C5H9NO*ClH |
| 替诺福韦二聚 | Tenofovir Disoproxil Dimer | 1093279-76-5 | C39H60N10O20P2 |
| 替米沙坦酰胺 | 4'-[[4-methyl-6-(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)-2-propyl-1H-benzoimidazol-1-yl]methyl][1,1'-biphenyl]-2-carboxamide | 915124-86-6 | C33H31N5O |
| 替格雷洛-d7 | (1S,2S,3R,5S)-3-(7-((1R,2S)-2-(3,4-difluorophenyl)cyclopropylamino)-5-(d7-propylthio)-3H-[1,2,3]triazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)-5-(2-hydroxyethoxy)cyclopentane-1,2-diol | 1265911-55-4 | C23H28F2N6O4S |
| 更昔洛韦二醚 | 2-Amino-9-(((2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethoxy)methoxy)methyl)-1,9-dihydro-6H-purin-6-one | 1346598-14-8 | C10H15N5O5 |
| 曲美他嗪杂质F | 1-[(2,4,6-Trimethoxyphenyl)methyl]piperazine | 113698-83-2 | C14H22N2O3 |
| 普罗布考二琥珀酸盐 | AIf1 | 216168-45-5 | C39H56O8S2 |
| 昂丹司琼杂质B | 6,6'-Methylenebis((3RS)-9-methyl-3-((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)-1,2,3,9-tetrahydro-4H-carbazol-4-one) | 1076198-52-1 | C37H38N6O2 |
| 文拉法辛N-氧化物 | venlafaxine N-oxide | 1094598-37-4 | C17H27NO3 |