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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物 细胞培养 添加剂

    添加剂

    添加剂是指在生产过程中为了改善产品性能、提高效率或者实现特定功能而加入的辅助物质。它们广泛应用于有机化学、化学化工和生物医药等领域。

    1. 有机化学中的添加剂

    • 催化剂：在合成反应中，催化剂能够加速化学反应并降低活化能，但不被消耗或仅少量参与最终产物。例如，铂是一种有效的氢气还原催化剂。

    • 溶剂：用于溶解底物和试剂以促进化学反应的进行。水、乙醇等都是常用的溶剂。

    2. 化学化工中的添加剂

    • 稳定剂：防止聚合物老化或降解的物质，如抗氧化剂可以保护塑料制品不受热氧的影响。

    • 表面活性剂：用于改善液体的润湿性，减少界面张力。肥皂和洗涤剂就是常用的表面活性剂。

    3. 生物医药领域的添加剂

    • 营养补充剂：在细胞培养基中加入特定维生素、氨基酸等成分以支持细胞生长。

    • 药物载体与辅料：将药物包裹或分散于适当材料中，提高药物的稳定性和生物利用度。微囊化技术是一种常用的药物递送方法。

    4. 添加剂的作用
    • 改善性能：如增强材料强度、延长产品寿命等。
    • 降低成本和环境污染：通过优化工艺流程减少副产物生成或使用可降解原料。
    • 提高效率和可控性：精确控制反应条件，实现目标产物的高效合成。

    添加剂的选择需考虑其化学性质及其在特定应用环境下的表现。正确合理地选择与使用添加剂对于确保产品的质量和安全性至关重要。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    (1R,3R)-1,2,3-三甲基环己烷 1e,2a,3e-Trimethylcyclohexan 1678-81-5 C9H18
    (1R,3R)-1,2,3-三甲基环己烷
    (1H-吲哚-4-基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯 tert-butyl 1H-indol-4-ylcarbamate 819850-13-0 C13H16N2O2
    (1H-吲哚-4-基)-氨基甲酸叔丁酯
    (13Z)-13-十八碳烯-1-醇 (Z)-13-octadecen-1-ol 69820-27-5 C18H36O
    (13Z)-13-十八碳烯-1-醇
    (11beta,17alpha)-11,17-二羟基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17-羧酸 Δ<sup>1</sup>-cortienic acid 37927-29-0 C20H26O5
    (11beta,17alpha)-11,17-二羟基-3-氧代雄甾-1,4-二烯-17-羧酸
    (1,3,5-三甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)硼酸 (1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)boronic acid 847818-62-6 C6H11BN2O2
    (1,3,5-三甲基-1H-吡唑-4-基)硼酸
    (+)-(3R,7aS)-四氢-3-苯基-3H,5H-吡咯并[1,2-c]噁唑-5-酮 (3R,7aS)-3-phenyl-tetrahydro-pyrrolo[1,2-c]oxazol-5-one 103201-79-2 C12H13NO2
    (+)-(3R,7aS)-四氢-3-苯基-3H,5H-吡咯并[1,2-c]噁唑-5-酮
    ((E)-9-(丙-1-烯基)-9H-嘌呤-6-胺) 9-propenyladenine 4121-40-8 C8H9N5
    ((E)-9-(丙-1-烯基)-9H-嘌呤-6-胺)
    —— 7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(3R)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid 57968-81-7 C22H29ClO6
    7-[(1R,2R,3R,5S)-2-[(3R)-4-(3-chlorophenoxy)-3-hydroxybut-1-enyl]-3,5-dihydroxycyclopentyl]-5-heptenoic acid
    —— 11β,17α-Dihydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-on-17-carbonsaeure 37927-29-0 C20H26O5
    11β,17α-Dihydroxy-androsta-1,4-dien-3-on-17-carbonsaeure
    —— 18-hydroxy-11,17-dimethoxy-yohimbane-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester 2901-66-8 C23H30N2O5
    18-hydroxy-11,17-dimethoxy-yohimbane-16-carboxylic acid methyl ester
    —— (2S)-3-Amino-2-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid 959580-94-0 C25H20F3NO4
    (2S)-3-Amino-2-{[(9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy]carbonyl}-4-(2,4,5-trifluorophenyl)butanoic acid
    —— Dehydroabietylamin 1446-61-3 C20H31N
    Dehydroabietylamin
    —— Fmoc-L-Hgn(Trt)-OH 1263046-43-0 C40H36N2O5
    Fmoc-L-Hgn(Trt)-OH
    —— cis-3-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino) cyclobutanecarboxylic acid 1008773-79-2 C10H17NO4
    cis-3-(tert-Butoxycarbonylamino) cyclobutanecarboxylic acid
    —— 4-Fluorotropacocaine 172883-97-5 C15H18FNO2
    4-Fluorotropacocaine
    —— 1-(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine 113698-83-2 C14H22N2O3*2ClH
    1-(2,4,6-trimethoxybenzyl)piperazine
    —— (alphaR,betaR)-alpha-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-fluoro-beta-methyl-alpha-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-pyrimidineethanol 239807-03-5 C16H14F3N5O
    (alphaR,betaR)-alpha-(2,4-Difluorophenyl)-5-fluoro-beta-methyl-alpha-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-4-pyrimidineethanol
    —— 3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)morpholine hydrochloride 1171560-33-0 C11H16ClNO2
    3-(4-Methoxyphenyl)morpholine hydrochloride
    —— 1-β-Naphthyl-3-isopropylamino-propan-1-on 58753-54-1 C16H19NO
    1-β-Naphthyl-3-isopropylamino-propan-1-on
    —— Formaldehyde sodium bisulfite hemihydrate 63148-74-3 C2H8Na2O9S2
    Formaldehyde sodium bisulfite hemihydrate
    —— N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys 71901-21-8 C43H65N7O9
    N-formyl-Nle-Leu-Phe-Nle-Tyr-Lys
    —— Acid Anthracene Red G 1836-22-2 C17H12N2NaO9S2+
    Acid Anthracene Red G
    —— trans-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid 939400-34-7 C10H17NO4
    trans-3-((tert-butoxycarbonyl)amino)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid
    —— 2-[(1R,3aS,4E,7aR)-4-[(2E)-2-[(3S,5R)-3,5-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-methylidenecyclohexylidene]ethylidene]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propanal 112828-13-4 C34H60O3Si2
    2-[(1R,3aS,4E,7aR)-4-[(2E)-2-[(3S,5R)-3,5-bis[[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy]-2-methylidenecyclohexylidene]ethylidene]-7a-methyl-2,3,3a,5,6,7-hexahydro-1H-inden-1-yl]propanal
    —— Glycine, N,N'-[(1,1-dioxido-3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidene)bis[(6-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3,1-phenylene)methylene]]bis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:1) 29412-85-9 C33H35N2NaO13S
    Glycine, N,N'-[(1,1-dioxido-3H-2,1-benzoxathiol-3-ylidene)bis[(6-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3,1-phenylene)methylene]]bis[N-(carboxymethyl)-, sodium salt (1:1)
    —— quinestrol 152-43-2 C25H32O2
    quinestrol
    —— pyridostatin 1085412-37-8 C31H32N8O5
    pyridostatin
    —— [(2S,3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-16-(1-prop-2-enylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate;bromide 1190105-65-7 Br*C32H53N2O3
    [(2S,3S,5S,8R,9S,10S,13S,14S,16S,17R)-3-hydroxy-10,13-dimethyl-16-(1-prop-2-enylpyrrolidin-1-ium-1-yl)-2-pyrrolidin-1-yl-2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,11,12,14,15,16,17-tetradecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl] acetate;bromide
    —— n-Tetradecenylsuccinic Anhydride 33806-58-5 C18H30O3
    n-Tetradecenylsuccinic Anhydride
    —— cis-4-(Trifluoromethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid 1202578-27-5 C8H11F3O2
    cis-4-(Trifluoromethyl)cyclohexanecarboxylic acid
    —— CYCLO(ARG-GLY-ASP-D-PHE-VAL) 137813-35-5 C26H38N8O7
    CYCLO(ARG-GLY-ASP-D-PHE-VAL)
    —— 2-(1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole;ditetrafluoroborate 55492-86-9 C18H12B2F8S12-2
    2-(1,3-Dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole;ditetrafluoroborate
    —— meso-tetrakis-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin 37083-37-7 C44H22Cl8N4
    meso-tetrakis-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)porphyrin
    —— potassium hexahydroxoplatinate 12285-90-4 H6O6Pt*2K
    potassium hexahydroxoplatinate
    —— 3-methylamino-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiazin-2-one oxime hydrochloride 112233-23-5 C5H9N3OS*ClH
    3-methylamino-5,6-dihydro-2H-1,4-thiazin-2-one oxime hydrochloride
    —— dirhodium tetracetate dihydrate 29998-99-0 C8H16O10Rh2
    dirhodium tetracetate dihydrate
    —— tetracyclo[6.2.1.13,6.02,7]dodeca-4-ene 21635-90-5 C12H16
    tetracyclo[6.2.1.13,6.02,7]dodeca-4-ene
    —— 2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-, sodium salt (1:2) 1887-02-1 C6H4NaO6
    2,5-Cyclohexadiene-1,4-dione, 2,3,5,6-tetrahydroxy-, sodium salt (1:2)
    —— Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-, sodium salt (1:1) 131-61-3 C6H2Cl4NaO+
    Phenol, 2,3,4,6-tetrachloro-, sodium salt (1:1)
    —— Tetroquinone disodium derivative 1887-02-1 C6H4NaO6+
    Tetroquinone disodium derivative
    —— Disodium sebacate 17265-14-4 C10H16Na2O4
    Disodium sebacate
    —— [(1S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate 130468-11-0 C25H36O6
    [(1S,7S,8S,8aS)-8-[2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl]-3,7-dimethyl-6-oxo-2,7,8,8a-tetrahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl] 2,2-dimethylbutanoate
    —— Einecs 249-772-2 29681-21-8 C9H20O4
    Einecs 249-772-2
    —— 2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(tetradecenyl)- 33806-58-5 C18H30O3
    2,5-Furandione, dihydro-3-(tetradecenyl)-
    —— N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]leucylleucine 7801-71-0 C20H30N2O5
    N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]leucylleucine
    —— cis-3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl acetate 24691-16-5 C11H20O2
    cis-3,3,5-Trimethylcyclohexyl acetate
    —— Bithionolate sodium 6385-58-6 C12H4Cl4Na2O2S
    Bithionolate sodium
    —— Einecs 200-684-2 68-34-8 C13H13NO2S
    Einecs 200-684-2
    —— 2-Amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate 1670-26-4 C23H49N2O5P
    2-Amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl 2-(trimethylammonio)ethyl phosphate
    —— β-Methoxy-α-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyliden)-propionitril 7520-69-6 C14H17NO4
    β-Methoxy-α-(3,4,5-trimethoxy-benzyliden)-propionitril