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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物 细胞培养 添加剂

    添加剂

    添加剂是指在生产过程中为了改善产品性能、提高效率或者实现特定功能而加入的辅助物质。它们广泛应用于有机化学、化学化工和生物医药等领域。

    1. 有机化学中的添加剂

    • 催化剂：在合成反应中，催化剂能够加速化学反应并降低活化能，但不被消耗或仅少量参与最终产物。例如，铂是一种有效的氢气还原催化剂。

    • 溶剂：用于溶解底物和试剂以促进化学反应的进行。水、乙醇等都是常用的溶剂。

    2. 化学化工中的添加剂

    • 稳定剂：防止聚合物老化或降解的物质，如抗氧化剂可以保护塑料制品不受热氧的影响。

    • 表面活性剂：用于改善液体的润湿性，减少界面张力。肥皂和洗涤剂就是常用的表面活性剂。

    3. 生物医药领域的添加剂

    • 营养补充剂：在细胞培养基中加入特定维生素、氨基酸等成分以支持细胞生长。

    • 药物载体与辅料：将药物包裹或分散于适当材料中，提高药物的稳定性和生物利用度。微囊化技术是一种常用的药物递送方法。

    4. 添加剂的作用
    • 改善性能：如增强材料强度、延长产品寿命等。
    • 降低成本和环境污染：通过优化工艺流程减少副产物生成或使用可降解原料。
    • 提高效率和可控性：精确控制反应条件，实现目标产物的高效合成。

    添加剂的选择需考虑其化学性质及其在特定应用环境下的表现。正确合理地选择与使用添加剂对于确保产品的质量和安全性至关重要。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— cis,trans,trans-3,3,5-Trimethyl-cyclohexylamin 15901-42-5 C9H19N
    cis,trans,trans-3,3,5-Trimethyl-cyclohexylamin
    —— N-Butylricinoleate 151-13-3 C22H42O3
    N-Butylricinoleate
    —— (S)-3-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoic acid 1217736-81-6 C12H17NO5
    (S)-3-((tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino)-3-(furan-2-yl)propanoic acid
    —— Triacsin c 76896-80-5 C11H17N3O
    Triacsin c
    —— anilide of oleic acid 5429-85-6 C24H39NO
    anilide of oleic acid
    —— (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[4-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol 38963-95-0 C20H22O8
    (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-2-[4-[2-(3,5-dihydroxyphenyl)ethenyl]phenoxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
    —— (E)-3-(2-chloro-4-((3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropylisoxazol-4-yl)methoxy)styryl)benzoic acid 278779-30-9 C28H22Cl3NO4
    (E)-3-(2-chloro-4-((3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-isopropylisoxazol-4-yl)methoxy)styryl)benzoic acid
    —— 2,3-endo-Norbornan-dicarbonsaeure-anhydrid 6004-79-1 C9H10O3
    2,3-endo-Norbornan-dicarbonsaeure-anhydrid
    —— potassium perfluoroheptanesulfonate 60270-55-5 C7F15O3S*K
    potassium perfluoroheptanesulfonate
    —— tetrakis(dimethylsilyl)silane 2003-85-2 C8H28Si5
    tetrakis(dimethylsilyl)silane
    —— N-Fmoc-N-methyl-L-methionine 84000-12-4 C21H23NO4S
    N-Fmoc-N-methyl-L-methionine
    —— 3,6-di(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole 84632-65-5 C18H8Cl2N2O2
    3,6-di(4-chlorophenyl)-1,4-diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole
    —— 12-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-20-oic acid 67494-15-9 C20H28O3
    12-hydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-20-oic acid
    —— 2-(carbobenzyloxy)-2-azabicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-5-one 140927-13-5 C14H15NO3
    2-(carbobenzyloxy)-2-azabicyclo<2.2.1>heptan-5-one
    —— methyl D-(+)-α-(2-thienylethylamino)-α-(2-chlorophenyl)acetate hydrochloride 141109-19-5 C15H16ClNO2S*ClH
    methyl D-(+)-α-(2-thienylethylamino)-α-(2-chlorophenyl)acetate hydrochloride
    —— (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanamine hydrochloride 118724-05-3 C3H6N4*ClH
    (1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methanamine hydrochloride
    —— 2-Amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate 1670-26-4 C23H50N2O5P+
    2-Amino-3-hydroxyoctadec-4-en-1-yl 2-(trimethylazaniumyl)ethyl phosphate
    —— (1R,4R,6R,7Z,17R)-N-cyclopropylsulfonyl-17-[7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-(4-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)quinolin-4-yl]oxy-13-methyl-2,14-dioxo-3,13-diazatricyclo[13.3.0.04,6]octadec-7-ene-4-carboxamide 923604-59-5 C38H47N5O7S2
    (1R,4R,6R,7Z,17R)-N-cyclopropylsulfonyl-17-[7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-(4-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)quinolin-4-yl]oxy-13-methyl-2,14-dioxo-3,13-diazatricyclo[13.3.0.04,6]octadec-7-ene-4-carboxamide
    —— Pubchem_53384435 127923-85-7 C43H72N2O33
    Pubchem_53384435
    —— Phenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-1-thio-2-{[(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)carbonyl]amino}-alpha-L-allopyranoside 278784-83-1 C21H24Cl3NO9S
    Phenyl 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-1-thio-2-{[(2,2,2-trichloroethoxy)carbonyl]amino}-alpha-L-allopyranoside
    —— 1,3-Dichloro-5-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene 688348-25-6 C14H9Cl3
    1,3-Dichloro-5-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethenyl]benzene
    —— 1,3-Bis(phenylmethoxy)-5-[2-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene 89946-06-5 C35H30O3
    1,3-Bis(phenylmethoxy)-5-[2-(4-phenylmethoxyphenyl)ethenyl]benzene
    —— N-{4-[4-(piperidinomethyl)pyridyl-2-oxy]-cis-2-butene}phthalimide Maleate 146447-26-9 C27H29N3O7
    N-{4-[4-(piperidinomethyl)pyridyl-2-oxy]-cis-2-butene}phthalimide Maleate
    —— BDH succinate salt 183388-64-9 C50H70N4O10
    BDH succinate salt
    —— 2-({(2S,4S,5S)-2,3,4-Tris(benzyloxy)-5-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-5-hydroxycyclohexyl}amino)propane-1,3-diol 115250-39-0 C38H45NO7
    2-({(2S,4S,5S)-2,3,4-Tris(benzyloxy)-5-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-5-hydroxycyclohexyl}amino)propane-1,3-diol
    —— Boc-D-Arg(Mts)-OH Cha 68262-72-6 C26H45N5O6S
    Boc-D-Arg(Mts)-OH Cha
    —— Simeprevir; TMC435 923604-59-5 C38H47N5O7S2
    Simeprevir; TMC435
    —— 5-methyl-3-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indole hydrochloride salt 149669-44-3 C14H18N2*ClH
    5-methyl-3-(piperidin-4-yl)-1H-indole hydrochloride salt
    —— z-Ala-ala-leu-p-nitroanilid 61043-33-2 C26H33N5O7
    z-Ala-ala-leu-p-nitroanilid
    —— 2-(4-((4-(Piperidin-1-ylmethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)but-2-en-1-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione but-2-enedioate 146447-26-9 C27H29N3O7
    2-(4-((4-(Piperidin-1-ylmethyl)pyridin-2-yl)oxy)but-2-en-1-yl)isoindoline-1,3-dione but-2-enedioate
    —— (Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;2-[(E)-4-[4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxybut-2-enyl]isoindole-1,3-dione 146447-26-9 C27H29N3O7
    (Z)-but-2-enedioic acid;2-[(E)-4-[4-(piperidin-1-ylmethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxybut-2-enyl]isoindole-1,3-dione
    —— (1R,4R,7Z,15R,17R)-N-cyclopropylsulfonyl-17-[7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-(4-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)quinolin-4-yl]oxy-13-methyl-2,14-dioxo-3,13-diazatricyclo[13.3.0.04,6]octadec-7-ene-4-carboxamide 923604-59-5 C38H47N5O7S2
    (1R,4R,7Z,15R,17R)-N-cyclopropylsulfonyl-17-[7-methoxy-8-methyl-2-(4-propan-2-yl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)quinolin-4-yl]oxy-13-methyl-2,14-dioxo-3,13-diazatricyclo[13.3.0.04,6]octadec-7-ene-4-carboxamide
    —— tert-Butyl (3S,5R,6E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(methanesulfonyl)(methyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate 615263-60-0 C26H36FN3O6S
    tert-Butyl (3S,5R,6E)-7-[4-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-[(methanesulfonyl)(methyl)amino]-6-(propan-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl]-3,5-dihydroxyhept-6-enoate
    —— (4S)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]heptanoic acid 58521-49-6 C13H25NO5
    (4S)-3-hydroxy-6-methyl-4-[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxycarbonylamino]heptanoic acid
    —— (S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)propanoic acid 1204595-05-0 C27H23NO5
    (S)-2-((((9H-fluoren-9-yl)methoxy)carbonyl)amino)-3-(4-(prop-2-yn-1-yloxy)phenyl)propanoic acid
    —— cis-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol acetate 24691-16-5 C11H20O2
    cis-3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol acetate
    —— 3-acetylisoquinoline 91544-03-5 C11H9NO
    3-acetylisoquinoline
    —— 9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl [(1S)-1-(4-tert-butoxybenzyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamate 187526-99-4 C28H31NO4
    9H-fluoren-9-ylmethyl [(1S)-1-(4-tert-butoxybenzyl)-2-hydroxyethyl]carbamate
    —— (Z)-Resveratrol 4'-glucoside 38963-95-0 C20H22O8
    (Z)-Resveratrol 4'-glucoside
    —— Titanium, tetrakis(2,4-pentanedionato-kappaO2,kappaO4)- 17501-79-0 C20H28O8Ti
    Titanium, tetrakis(2,4-pentanedionato-kappaO2,kappaO4)-
    —— Luminol sodium salt 20666-12-0 C8H7N3NaO2
    Luminol sodium salt
    —— 4,6-Dimethyl-1 17501-79-0 C5H8O2Ti
    4,6-Dimethyl-1
    —— 4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;titanium(4+) 17501-79-0 C20H28O8Ti
    4-Oxopent-2-en-2-olate;titanium(4+)
    —— [6,6]-phenyl-C<sub>61</sub>-butyric acid butyl ester 571177-66-7 C75H20O2
    [6,6]-phenyl-C<sub>61</sub>-butyric acid butyl ester
    —— S-[2-(Diethylamino)ethyl] o-methyl methylphosphonothioate 2043-00-7 C8H20NO2PS
    S-[2-(Diethylamino)ethyl] o-methyl methylphosphonothioate
    —— acenaphthenequinone dioxime 1932-08-7 C12H8N2O2
    acenaphthenequinone dioxime
    —— Potassium;palladium(2+);tetrachloride 10025-98-6 Cl4KPd-
    Potassium;palladium(2+);tetrachloride
    —— (+)-5(S)-Hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid 70608-72-9 C20H32O3
    (+)-5(S)-Hydroxy-(6E,8Z,11Z,14Z)-eicosatetraenoic acid
    —— sodium 2,4,5-trichlorophenolate 136-32-3 C6H2Cl3O*Na
    sodium 2,4,5-trichlorophenolate
    —— 8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one hydrochloride 83393-23-1 C14H17NO*ClH
    8-benzyl-8-azabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-3-one hydrochloride