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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    —— (Leu31,pro34)-neuropeptide Y (porcine) 125580-28-1 C190H286N54O56
    (Leu31,pro34)-neuropeptide Y (porcine)
    —— ACTH (1-39), human 12279-41-3 C207H308N56O58S
    ACTH (1-39), human
    —— Leupeptin hemisulfate anhydrous 55123-66-5 C40H78N12O12S
    Leupeptin hemisulfate anhydrous
    —— (S)-2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-4-(4-nitro-phenylcarbamoyl)-butyric acid 56816-40-1 C19H15N3O7
    (S)-2-(1,3-Dioxo-1,3-dihydro-isoindol-2-yl)-4-(4-nitro-phenylcarbamoyl)-butyric acid
    —— Prezatide copper acetate 130120-57-9 C16H28CuN6O6+2
    Prezatide copper acetate
    —— 2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[2-[[6-Amino-2-[[4-amino-2-[[2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoylamino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid 131602-53-4 C45H81N13O14S
    2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[[2-[2-[[2-[[6-Amino-2-[[4-amino-2-[[2-[(2-aminoacetyl)amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]propanoylamino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid
    —— L-Threonine, N-(1-L-lysyl-D-prolyl)- 117027-34-6 C15H28N4O5
    L-Threonine, N-(1-L-lysyl-D-prolyl)-
    —— 4-Carbamoyl-4-[2-(2-{[3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}propanamido)propanamido]butanoic acid 53678-77-6 C19H32N4O11
    4-Carbamoyl-4-[2-(2-{[3-acetamido-2,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-4-yl]oxy}propanamido)propanamido]butanoic acid
    —— Nikkomycins 59456-70-1 C20H25N5O10
    Nikkomycins
    —— N-(Cyclohexylacetyl)-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-seryl-L-valyl-L-glutamamide 113584-01-3 C36H58N10O8
    N-(Cyclohexylacetyl)-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-seryl-L-valyl-L-glutamamide
    —— Romurtide 78113-36-7 C43H78N6O13
    Romurtide
    —— c(RGDyK) 1331910-33-8 C50H76N14O12S
    c(RGDyK)
    —— Dabcyl-ice-edans 161877-70-9 C61H76N12O14S
    Dabcyl-ice-edans
    —— RKRSRAE 81187-14-6 C35H67N17O11
    RKRSRAE
    —— Vapreotida 103222-11-3 C57H70N12O9S2
    Vapreotida
    —— Crosstide 171783-05-4 C48H77N17O17
    Crosstide
    —— mastoparan 72093-21-1 C70H131N19O15
    mastoparan
    —— L-Leucyl-L-leucyl-D-leucin 10329-75-6 C18H35N3O4
    L-Leucyl-L-leucyl-D-leucin
    —— bovine β-casomorphin-5 72122-63-5 C30H37N5O7
    bovine β-casomorphin-5
    —— NDP-MSH 75921-69-6 C78H111N21O19
    NDP-MSH
    —— D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-D-Tic-Oic-Arg 130308-48-4 C59H89N19O13S
    D-Arg-Arg-Pro-Hyp-Gly-Thi-Ser-D-Tic-Oic-Arg
    —— QRPRLSHKGPMPF 217082-58-1 C69H111N23O16S
    QRPRLSHKGPMPF
    —— Novokinin 358738-77-9 C39H61N11O7
    Novokinin
    —— Mast cell degranulating peptide (Vespula lewisii) 72093-21-1 C70H131N19O15
    Mast cell degranulating peptide (Vespula lewisii)
    —— Leupeptin cation 55123-66-5 C20H39N6O4+
    Leupeptin cation
    —— H-2Nal-Cys(1)-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys(1)-Thr-NH2 108736-35-2 C54H69N11O10S2
    H-2Nal-Cys(1)-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys(1)-Thr-NH2
    —— Peptide yy human 118997-30-1 C194H295N55O57
    Peptide yy human
    —— (2R)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-N-[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1S)-1-[(1-{[(1R)-1-carbamoyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)propyl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl)carbamoyl]-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-methylpropyl]carbamoyl}ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]butanediamide 81608-30-2 C50H73N17O11S
    (2R)-2-(2-aminoacetamido)-N-[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-{[(1S)-1-{[(1R)-1-[({[(1S)-1-[(1-{[(1R)-1-carbamoyl-3-(methylsulfanyl)propyl]carbamoyl}-3-methylbutyl)carbamoyl]-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}methyl)carbamoyl]-2-methylpropyl]carbamoyl}ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]butanediamide
    —— Prodynorphin 228-240 85006-82-2 C74H115N21O17
    Prodynorphin 228-240
    —— Myxin b 1404-26-8 C111H194N32O26
    Myxin b
    —— Defensin 68563-24-6 C167H257N47O46
    Defensin
    —— Histrelin Acetate 220810-26-4 C70H94N18O16
    Histrelin Acetate
    —— H-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Cys(2)-DL-Glu-DL-Tyr-DL-Cys(3)-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Asn-DL-Pro-DL-Ala-DL-Cys(2)-DL-xiThr-Gly-DL-Cys(3)-DL-Tyr-OH 851199-59-2 C59H79N15O21S6
    H-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Cys(2)-DL-Glu-DL-Tyr-DL-Cys(3)-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Asn-DL-Pro-DL-Ala-DL-Cys(2)-DL-xiThr-Gly-DL-Cys(3)-DL-Tyr-OH
    —— Fmoc-Dap(octanoyl)-OH 1423018-04-5 C26H32N2O5
    Fmoc-Dap(octanoyl)-OH
    —— Sar-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe 102029-89-0 C51H75N13O12
    Sar-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe
    —— (4R,7S,10S,13R,16S,19R)-13-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-19-((R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)-10-(4-aminobutyl)-16-benzyl-N-(1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl)-7-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide 83150-76-9 C49H66N10O10S2
    (4R,7S,10S,13R,16S,19R)-13-((1H-indol-3-yl)methyl)-19-((R)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanamido)-10-(4-aminobutyl)-16-benzyl-N-(1,3-dihydroxybutan-2-yl)-7-((R)-1-hydroxyethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosane-4-carboxamide
    —— Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Phe(4-R-dihydroorotamido)-D-Phe(4-ureido)-Leu-Lys(iPr)-DL-Pro-D-Ala-NH2 214766-78-6 C82H103ClN18O16
    Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Phe(4-R-dihydroorotamido)-D-Phe(4-ureido)-Leu-Lys(iPr)-DL-Pro-D-Ala-NH2
    —— Plasma kallikrein 460738-38-9 C305H442N88O91S8
    Plasma kallikrein
    —— L-alpha-Aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-histidyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-serylglycyl-L-tyrosyl-L-glutaminyl-L-valyl-L-histidyl-L-histidyl-L-glutaminyl-L-lysine 133605-53-5 C84H120N28O27
    L-alpha-Aspartyl-L-alanyl-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-arginyl-L-histidyl-L-alpha-aspartyl-L-serylglycyl-L-tyrosyl-L-glutaminyl-L-valyl-L-histidyl-L-histidyl-L-glutaminyl-L-lysine
    —— Gly-Arg-Ala-Asp-Ser-Pro-Lys 125455-58-5 C29H51N11O11
    Gly-Arg-Ala-Asp-Ser-Pro-Lys
    —— L-Arginyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-D-tryptophyl-L-methioninamide 89430-38-6 C79H105N21O13S
    L-Arginyl-L-prolyl-L-lysyl-L-prolyl-L-glutaminyl-L-glutaminyl-L-tryptophyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-tryptophyl-D-tryptophyl-L-methioninamide
    —— YEVHHQKLVFF 152286-31-2 C71H99N17O16
    YEVHHQKLVFF
    —— (4S)-4-amino-5-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid 154040-19-4 C141H235N39O49
    (4S)-4-amino-5-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-4-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-5-amino-1-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-4-carboxy-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S)-1-[[(2S,3R)-1-[[2-[[(2S)-1-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-methylpropyl]amino]-1-oxo-3-phenylpropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-2-oxoethyl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,4-dioxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-3-methyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl]amino]-1,5-dioxopentan-2-yl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
    —— (Biotinyl-Gln1)-LHRH 218433-98-8 C65H92N20O15S
    (Biotinyl-Gln1)-LHRH
    —— beta-Amyloid (1-11) 190436-05-6 C56H76N16O22
    beta-Amyloid (1-11)
    —— L-alpha-Aspartyl-N~5~-(diaminomethylidene)-L-ornithyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-L-alloisoleucyl-L-histidyl-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidine 34273-12-6 C56H78N16O13
    L-alpha-Aspartyl-N~5~-(diaminomethylidene)-L-ornithyl-L-valyl-L-tyrosyl-L-alloisoleucyl-L-histidyl-D-prolyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-histidine
    —— Aivvggvmlgiiagknsgvdeaffvlkqhhveygsdhrfead 317366-82-8 C203H311N55O60S
    Aivvggvmlgiiagknsgvdeaffvlkqhhveygsdhrfead
    —— H-DL-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Arg-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-Tyr-Glu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-D-Glu-D-Asp-D-Val-Gly-D-Ser-D-Asn-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-xiIle-D-xiIle-Gly-D-Leu-D-Met-D-Val-Gly-Gly-D-Val-D-Val-D-xiIle-D-Ala-D-xiThr-OH 134500-80-4 C207H318N56O62S
    H-DL-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Arg-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-Tyr-Glu-Val-His-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-D-Glu-D-Asp-D-Val-Gly-D-Ser-D-Asn-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-xiIle-D-xiIle-Gly-D-Leu-D-Met-D-Val-Gly-Gly-D-Val-D-Val-D-xiIle-D-Ala-D-xiThr-OH
    —— H-DL-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Gly-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-Phe-Glu-Val-Arg-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-D-Glu-D-Asp-D-Val-Gly-D-Ser-D-Asn-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-xiIle-D-xiIle-Gly-D-Leu-D-Met-D-Val-Gly-Gly-D-Val-D-Val-D-xiIle-D-Ala-OH 166090-74-0 C199H307N53O59S
    H-DL-Asp-Ala-Glu-Phe-Gly-His-Asp-Ser-Gly-Phe-Glu-Val-Arg-His-Gln-Lys-Leu-Val-Phe-Phe-Ala-D-Glu-D-Asp-D-Val-Gly-D-Ser-D-Asn-D-Lys-Gly-D-Ala-D-xiIle-D-xiIle-Gly-D-Leu-D-Met-D-Val-Gly-Gly-D-Val-D-Val-D-xiIle-D-Ala-OH
    —— Pubchem_71581487 131438-79-4 C194H295N53O58S
    Pubchem_71581487