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    首页 分子通 按物质功能分类 生物化工 多肽

    多肽

    肽是由两个或两个以上氨基酸通过脱水缩合形成的化合物。最简单的肽由两个氨基酸构成，称为二肽；包含多个氨基酸的肽则被称为多肽。通常情况下，含有50个及以上氨基酸单位的多肽，则归类为蛋白质。肽广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物中，在生物体内的生长发育、细胞分化、大脑活动、肿瘤病变、免疫防御、生殖控制以及抗衰老等方面都扮演着重要角色。

    例如，谷胱甘肽是某些酶的重要辅基，参与体内氧化还原反应；多种激素如催产素、加压素、胰高血糖素及促肾上腺皮质激素等，均属于多肽类，通过调节机体代谢发挥作用。下丘脑分泌的激素调节因子也是由多肽构成，控制着其他内分泌腺释放激素的过程。

    近年来，在高等动物的大脑中发现了具有镇痛作用的脑啡肽（五肽）。许多抗生素如多粘菌素、短杆菌肽等也是肽类物质，具备强大的抗菌能力。此外，多肽是指通过肽键连接形成的一系列氨基酸单位构成的长链结构。一般而言，含有数十个或更少氨基酸单位的多肽称为肽；而更多氨基酸单位组成的则被称为蛋白质。

    在命名时，通常按照从氨基末端（N端）到羧基末端（C端）的顺序书写。如Ser·Gly·Try·Ala·Leu这个五肽由5个氨基酸残基和4个肽键组成，命名为丝氨酰甘氨酰酪氨酰丙氨酰亮氨酸。

    肽广泛存在于动植物组织中，并且其中许多具有特殊生物活性的功能性肽统称为生物活性肽。近年来的研究表明，几乎所有重大生命科学理论——包括免疫防御、生殖控制、肿瘤病变和抗衰防老等——均涉及相关的活性肽，这些理论与临床医学实践密切相关，因此生物活性肽在实际应用中也具有重要价值。

    生物活性肽种类繁多，例如促肾上腺皮质激素为39肽，催产素为九肽，而两种重要的脑啡肽均为五肽。许多抗菌素也是由肽类物质构成的。生长因子则受控于基因，在细胞发育过程中起到调节和控制作用。表皮生长因子含有50个氨基酸残基，神经生长因子则由118个氨基酸组成。

    相关化合物

    中文名称 英文名称 CAS号 化学式 结构式图片
    (4S)-N-巴豆酰基-4-异丙基-2-恶唑烷酮 (4S)-3-((E)-2-butenoyl)-4-benzyl-2-oxazolidinone 90719-30-5 C14H15NO3
    (4S)-N-巴豆酰基-4-异丙基-2-恶唑烷酮
    (4R,5S)-3-丙酰基-4-甲基-5-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮 (4R,5S)-4-methyl-5-phenyl-3-propionyloxazolidin-2-one 77877-20-4 C13H15NO3
    (4R,5S)-3-丙酰基-4-甲基-5-苯基-2-噁唑烷酮
    (4R,5S)-(+)-4-甲基-5-苯基-2-恶唑啉酮 4-methyl-5-phenyloxazolidin-2-one 77943-39-6 C10H11NO2
    (4R,5S)-(+)-4-甲基-5-苯基-2-恶唑啉酮
    (3S)-3-((4-羟基苯基)甲基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮 3-(4-hydroxy-benzyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione 5625-49-0 C11H12N2O3
    (3S)-3-((4-羟基苯基)甲基)-2,5-哌嗪二酮
    —— Calcitonin (human) 21215-62-3 C151H226N40O45S3
    Calcitonin (human)
    —— Unii-9S0OA6A3HZ 946507-08-0 C22H17N3O2
    Unii-9S0OA6A3HZ
    —— Gly-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe 25849-90-5 C42H57N9O9
    Gly-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Phe
    —— Thymosin 61512-21-8 C128H216N32O51S
    Thymosin
    —— Dentonin 400090-20-2 C107H160N30O42
    Dentonin
    —— Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Gly 40678-47-5 C43H65N13O12
    Asp-Arg-Val-Tyr-Ile-His-Pro-Gly
    —— H-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Val-DL-Gln-Gly-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Phe-Gly-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Asp-DL-Arg-DL-xiIle-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Leu-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-D-Lys-D-Val-D-Leu-D-Arg-D-Arg-His-OH 124584-08-3 C143H244N50O42S4
    H-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Val-DL-Gln-Gly-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-DL-Phe-Gly-DL-Arg-DL-Lys-DL-Met-DL-Asp-DL-Arg-DL-xiIle-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-Gly-DL-Leu-Gly-DL-Cys(1)-D-Lys-D-Val-D-Leu-D-Arg-D-Arg-His-OH
    —— Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Tyr-D-Cit-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-NH2 Acetate 130143-01-0 C76H104ClN17O20
    Ac-D-2Nal-D-Phe(4-Cl)-D-3Pal-Ser-Tyr-D-Cit-Leu-Arg-Pro-D-Ala-NH2 Acetate
    —— H-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2.H-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2 192387-38-5 C180H264N52O50
    H-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2.H-Ala-Gly-Glu-Gly-Leu-Asn-Ser-Gln-Phe-Trp-Ser-Leu-Ala-Ala-Pro-Gln-Arg-Phe-NH2
    —— (Des-Gly10,Des-Ser4,D-Leu6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH 267878-61-5 C56H79N15O10
    (Des-Gly10,Des-Ser4,D-Leu6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH
    —— H-Gly-Val-Glu-Ile-Asn-Val-Lys-Cys(1)-Ser-Gly-Ser-Pro-Gln-Cys(2)-Leu-Lys-Pro-Cys(3)-Lys-Asp-Ala-Gly-Met-Arg-Phe-Gly-Lys-Cys(1)-Met-Asn-Arg-Lys-Cys(2)-His-Cys(3)-Thr-Pro-Lys-OH 145199-73-1 C171H283N55O49S8
    H-Gly-Val-Glu-Ile-Asn-Val-Lys-Cys(1)-Ser-Gly-Ser-Pro-Gln-Cys(2)-Leu-Lys-Pro-Cys(3)-Lys-Asp-Ala-Gly-Met-Arg-Phe-Gly-Lys-Cys(1)-Met-Asn-Arg-Lys-Cys(2)-His-Cys(3)-Thr-Pro-Lys-OH
    —— 1-(2-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol 18531-99-2 C20H22O2
    1-(2-Hydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1-yl)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-ol
    —— H-Ser-Pro-Lys-Met-Val-Gln-Gly-Ser-Gly-Cys(1)-Phe-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Gly-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ile-Arg-Asp-Met-Lys-Lys-Val-Leu-Arg-Arg-His-OH 114471-18-0 C143H244N50O42S4
    H-Ser-Pro-Lys-Met-Val-Gln-Gly-Ser-Gly-Cys(1)-Phe-Gly-Arg-Cys(1)-Gly-Leu-Gly-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ser-Ile-Arg-Asp-Met-Lys-Lys-Val-Leu-Arg-Arg-His-OH
    —— Oxodotreotide acetate 177943-89-4 C73H106N14O27S2
    Oxodotreotide acetate
    —— DNP-Pro-Leu-Gly-Met-Trp-Ser-Arg-OH 135662-07-6 C44H61N13O13S
    DNP-Pro-Leu-Gly-Met-Trp-Ser-Arg-OH
    —— Ac-DL-Ser-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Val-DL-Asp-DL-xiThr-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Glu-DL-xiIle-DL-xiThr-DL-xiThr-DL-Lys-DL-Asp-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Val-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Glu-DL-Asn-OH 62304-98-7 C129H215N33O55
    Ac-DL-Ser-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Val-DL-Asp-DL-xiThr-DL-Ser-DL-Ser-DL-Glu-DL-xiIle-DL-xiThr-DL-xiThr-DL-Lys-DL-Asp-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Val-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Glu-DL-Asn-OH
    —— (Des-Gly10,D-His2,D-His(Bzl)6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH 134009-10-2 C66H86N18O12
    (Des-Gly10,D-His2,D-His(Bzl)6,Pro-NHEt9)-LHRH
    —— [(4R)-5-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentyl]-(diaminomethylidene)azanium 80448-90-4 C69H116N23O13+
    [(4R)-5-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-1-[[(2S)-1-amino-4-methyl-1-oxopentan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]carbamoyl]pyrrolidin-1-yl]-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[(2R)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2R)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentyl]-(diaminomethylidene)azanium
    —— Tosactida 47931-80-6 C150H230N44O39S
    Tosactida
    —— N-[(3E)-hex-3-enoyl]-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg--Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg-Gln-Gln-Gly-Glu-Ser-Asn-Gln-Glu-Arg-Gly-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Leu-NH2 218949-48-5 C221H366N72O67S
    N-[(3E)-hex-3-enoyl]-Tyr-Ala-Asp-Ala-Ile-Phe-Thr-Asn-Ser-Tyr-Arg--Lys-Val-Leu-Gly-Gln-Leu-Ser-Ala-Arg-Lys-Leu-Leu-Gln-Asp-Ile-Met-Ser-Arg-Gln-Gln-Gly-Glu-Ser-Asn-Gln-Glu-Arg-Gly-Ala-Arg-Ala-Arg-Leu-NH2
    —— Dykddddk peptide 98849-88-8 C41H60N10O20
    Dykddddk peptide
    —— H-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Pro-Gly-DL-Glu-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-DL-Tyr-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Leu-DL-Arg-DL-His-DL-Tyr-DL-Leu-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Val-DL-xiThr-DL-Arg-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-NH2 123583-37-9 C176H272N52O54
    H-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Ala-DL-Pro-Gly-DL-Glu-DL-Asp-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Pro-DL-Glu-DL-Glu-DL-Leu-DL-Ser-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-DL-Tyr-DL-Ala-DL-Ser-DL-Leu-DL-Arg-DL-His-DL-Tyr-DL-Leu-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Val-DL-xiThr-DL-Arg-DL-Gln-DL-Arg-DL-Tyr-NH2
    —— (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-oxo-5-[2-[(5-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)amino]ethylamino]pentanoic acid 730985-86-1 C95H141N25O24S2
    (4S)-4-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-6-amino-2-[[4-[[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]diazenyl]benzoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]hexanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoyl]amino]-5-oxo-5-[2-[(5-sulfonaphthalen-1-yl)amino]ethylamino]pentanoic acid
    —— Human endothelin 117399-94-7 C109H159N25O32S5
    Human endothelin
    —— lanreotide acetate 127984-74-1 C2H4O2*C54H69N11O10S2
    lanreotide acetate
    —— Crebtide 149155-45-3 C73H129N29O19
    Crebtide
    —— H-Ser-gly-gln-ser-trp-arg-pro-gln-gly-arg-phe-NH2 127122-98-9 C57H85N21O15
    H-Ser-gly-gln-ser-trp-arg-pro-gln-gly-arg-phe-NH2
    —— Dynorphin B 85006-82-2 C74H115N21O17
    Dynorphin B
    —— 2-amino-N-[10-(4-aminobutyl)-4-{[1-carbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-7-(propan-2-yl)-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-19-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide 103222-11-3 C57H70N12O9S2
    2-amino-N-[10-(4-aminobutyl)-4-{[1-carbamoyl-2-(1H-indol-2-yl)ethyl]carbamoyl}-16-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-13-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-7-(propan-2-yl)-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-19-yl]-3-phenylpropanamide
    —— (2S)-N-[5-amino-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[(4R,7S,16R)-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-16-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-10-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide 90779-69-4 C43H67N11O12S2
    (2S)-N-[5-amino-1-[(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)amino]-1-oxopentan-2-yl]-1-[(4R,7S,16R)-7-(2-amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-16-[(4-ethoxyphenyl)methyl]-10-[(1R)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentazacycloicosane-4-carbonyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide
    —— 3-[(2S,8S,14S,17S)-8-benzyl-5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-14-(2-methylpropyl)-17-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexazacyclooctadec-2-yl]propanamide 125989-12-0 C38H50N8O7S
    3-[(2S,8S,14S,17S)-8-benzyl-5-(1H-indol-3-ylmethyl)-14-(2-methylpropyl)-17-(2-methylsulfanylethyl)-3,6,9,12,15,18-hexaoxo-1,4,7,10,13,16-hexazacyclooctadec-2-yl]propanamide
    —— Alanyl-prolyl-arginyl-leucyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-tyrosyl-seryl-leucine 87549-52-8 C53H83N15O12
    Alanyl-prolyl-arginyl-leucyl-arginyl-phenylalanyl-tyrosyl-seryl-leucine
    —— Phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide 99566-27-5 C54H76N14O10
    Phenylalanyl-leucyl-phenylalanyl-glutaminyl-prolyl-glutaminyl-arginyl-phenylalaninamide
    —— Segetalin E 177602-12-9 C43H56N8O8
    Segetalin E
    —— octreoscan 138661-02-6 C63H87N13O19S2
    octreoscan
    —— (2S)-2-[[(3aS,7aS)-1-[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(4R)-1-[1-[2-[[(2R)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-thiophen-2-yl-propan 130308-48-4 C59H89N19O13S
    (2S)-2-[[(3aS,7aS)-1-[2-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[(4R)-1-[1-[2-[[(2R)-2-amino-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]amino]-5-(diaminomethylideneamino)pentanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]-4-hydroxy-pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-thiophen-2-yl-propan
    —— 1-({(4r,7s,13s,16r)-7-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-16-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-10-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl}carbonyl)-l-prolyl-l-ornithylglycinamide 90779-69-4 C43H67N11O12S2
    1-({(4r,7s,13s,16r)-7-(2-Amino-2-oxoethyl)-13-[(2s)-butan-2-yl]-16-(4-ethoxybenzyl)-10-[(1r)-1-hydroxyethyl]-6,9,12,15,18-pentaoxo-1,2-dithia-5,8,11,14,17-pentaazacycloicosan-4-yl}carbonyl)-l-prolyl-l-ornithylglycinamide
    —— Neurokinin beta 86933-75-7 C55H79N13O14S2
    Neurokinin beta
    —— H-DL-xiIle-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-NH2 72093-21-1 C70H131N19O15
    H-DL-xiIle-DL-Asn-DL-Leu-DL-Lys-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Ala-DL-Leu-DL-Ala-DL-Lys-DL-Lys-DL-xiIle-DL-Leu-NH2
    —— Ac-DL-Asp-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Asp-AMC 169332-61-0 C30H37N5O13
    Ac-DL-Asp-DL-Glu-DL-Val-DL-Asp-AMC
    —— GRGDSPK 111119-28-9 C28H49N11O11
    GRGDSPK
    —— 2-{2-[2-(2-Amino-acetylamino)-acetylamino]-3-phenyl-propionylamino}-4-methylsulfanyl-butyric acid 61370-88-5 C18H26N4O5S
    2-{2-[2-(2-Amino-acetylamino)-acetylamino]-3-phenyl-propionylamino}-4-methylsulfanyl-butyric acid
    —— polymyxin B1 1404-26-8 C56H98N16O13
    polymyxin B1
    —— Carbetocin 37025-55-1 C45H69N11O12S
    Carbetocin
    —— YGGFMTSEKSQTPLVTL-OH 61512-77-4 C83H131N19O27S
    YGGFMTSEKSQTPLVTL-OH
    —— 2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiophene 54492-95-4 C14H11NS
    2-(4-aminophenyl)benzothiophene