Among N-protected and unprotected vinylglycines tested, N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)vinylglycine (1c) provided the highest yield of the coupling product 3c in the reaction with 1-iodo-4-methoxybenzene (2) in N, N-dimethylformamide in the presence of palladium acetate, sodium bicarbonate, and tetrabutylammonium chloride, whereas none of the desired product was obtained in the reaction with 4-methoxyphenyl trifluoromethanesulfonate (7). The stereoselectivity of the reaction was reversed by employing triethylamine instead of sodium bicarbonate to furnish (Z)-3c predominantly. In the presene of sodium bicarbonate, replacement of the solvent by water improved not only the chemical yield and stereoselectivity but also the optical purity : geometrically pure (E)-3c of 96% ee was formed in a good yield.
在测试过的 N 保护和非保护
乙烯基甘氨酸中,N-(苄氧羰基)
乙烯基甘氨酸 (1c) 在 N. N-二甲基甲酰胺中与 1-
碘-4-
甲氧基苯 (2) 反应时,偶联产物 3c 的产率最高、
乙酸钯、
碳酸氢钠和
四丁基氯化铵存在下与 1-
碘-4-
甲氧基苯(2)在
N,N-二甲基甲酰胺中的反应中,偶联产物 3c 的产率最高,而与
三氟甲磺酸 4-
甲氧基苯(7)的反应中则没有得到所需的产物。用
三乙胺代替
碳酸氢钠可以逆转反应的立体选择性,主要生成 (Z)-3c。在使用
碳酸氢钠的情况下,用
水代替溶剂不仅提高了
化学收率和立体选择性,还提高了光学纯度:以良好的收率生成了几何纯度为 96% ee 的 (E)-3c。