Biological evaluation and SAR analysis of novel covalent inhibitors against fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase
摘要:
Fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBPase) is an attractive target for affecting the GNG pathway. In our previous study, the C128 site of FBPase has been identified as a new allosteric site, where several nitrovinyl compounds can bind to inhibit FBPase activity. Herein, a series of nitrostyrene derivatives were further synthesized, and their inhibitory activities against FBPase were investigated in vitro. Most of the prepared nitrostyrene compounds exhibit potent FBPase inhibition (IC50 10 mu M). Specifically, when the substituents of F, Cl, OCH3, CF3, OH, COOH, or 2-nitrovinyl were installed at the R-2 (meta-) position of the benzene ring, the FBPase inhibitory activities of the resulting compounds increased 4.5-55 folds compared to those compounds with the same groups at the R-1 (para-) position. In addition, the preferred substituents at the R-3 position were Cl or Br, thus compound HS36 exhibited the most potent inhibitory activity (IC50 = 0.15 mu M). The molecular docking and site-directed mutation suggest that C128 and N125 are essential for the binding of HS36 and FBPase, which is consistent with the C128-N125-S123 allosteric inhibition mechanism. The reaction enthalpy calculations show that the order of the reactions of compounds with thiol groups at the R-3 position is Cl H > CH3. CoMSIA analysis is consistent with our proposed binding mode. The effect of compounds HS12 and HS36 on glucose production in primary mouse hepatocytes were further evaluated, showing that the inhibition was 71% and 41% at 100 mu M, respectively.
硝基烯烃是一种常见且用途广泛的试剂。它从烯烃合成通常受到顺式和反式化合物混合物的形成的限制。在这里,我们报告亚硝酸银 (AgNO2) 与 TEMPO 一起可以促进范围广泛的烯烃的区域和立体选择性硝化。这项工作公开了一种新的有效方法,其中从烯烃开始,硝基烷烃自由基形成和随后的转化以立体选择性方式导致所需的硝基烯烃。
Oxone® (2KHSO5·KHSO4·K2SO4) was used to promote the nitration of alkenes and alkynes with sodium nitrite (NaNO2) and potassium iodide (KI). This stable, easy-to-handle, and environmentally benign oxidant was used under mild conditions (room temperature) and provided short reaction times. Styrene derivatives that did not contain electron-donating groups afforded the corresponding nitro alkenes in moderate
A novel OXONE® mediated direct difunctionalization of alkenes with NaNO2 in aqueous acetonitrile for the synthesis of α-nitrooximes was developed. The α-nitrooximes were readily prepared in moderate to high yields at room temperature under mild reaction conditions. The present protocol offers an easy and environmentally benign approach to access various α-nitrooximes derived from styrene derivatives.
method offers a convenient and practical approach for the synthesis of α‐nitrooximes in moderate to high yields. The salient features entail mild reaction conditions, metal‐free reagent, environmentallybenignsolvent and simple experimental procedure.
Ferric nitrate with catalytic TEMPO has been identified as a useful reagent for regio- and stereoselective nitration of a wide variety of aromatic, aliphatic, and heteroaromatic olefins. This reaction provided nitroolefins in preparatively useful yields with excellent E-selectivity. Due to its mild nature and operational simplicity, the present protocol is expected to find application in synthetic setup.
Stereoselective Nitration of Olefins with <sup><i>t</i></sup>BuONO and TEMPO: Direct Access to Nitroolefins under Metal-free Conditions
Nitroolefins are essential elements for both synthetic chemistry and medicinal research. Despite significant improvements in nitration of olefin an efficient metal-free synthesis remains elusive so far. Herein, we disclose a new set of reagents to access nitroolefins in a single step under metal-free conditions. A wide range of olefins with diverse functionalities has been nitrated in synthetically useful yields. This transformation is operationally simple and exhibits excellent E-selectivity. Furthermore, site selective nitration in a complex setup makes this method advantageous.