Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Esters and Amides under More Neutral Conditions
作者:Takuo Hama、Xiaoxiang Liu、Darcy A. Culkin、John F. Hartwig
DOI:10.1021/ja036792p
日期:2003.9.1
aryl halides with alkalimetal enolates are reported. The first procedure rests upon the development of catalysts bearing the hindered pentaphenylferrocenyl di-tert-butylphosphine (Q-phos) and the highly reactive dimeric Pd(I) complex P(t-Bu)3]PdBr}2. By this procedure, zinc enolates prepared from α-bromo esters and amides react with aryl halides to form α-aryl esters and amides in high yields under
This invention relates to agents that are inhibitors or activators of variant forms of endogenous proteins and novel methods of identifying such variants. Of particular interest are inhibitors and activators of endogenous protein variants, encoded by genes which have mutated, which variants often arise or are at least first identified as having arisen following exposure to a chemical agent which is known to be an inhibitor or activator of the corresponding unmutated endogenous protein.
An aromatic substituent has been introduced into a known hydroxyethylamine (HEA)-type BACE1inhibitor containing the superior substrate sequence to enhance inhibitoryactivity. The HEA-type isosteres bearing different hydroxyl group and methyl group configurations were prepared through a branched synthesis approach using intra- and inter-molecular epoxide opening reactions. The effect of their configuration
已将芳香族取代基引入已知的羟乙胺 (HEA) 型 BACE1 抑制剂中,该抑制剂含有优越的底物序列以增强抑制活性。具有不同羟基和甲基构型的 HEA 型等排体是通过使用分子内和分子间环氧化物开环反应的支链合成方法制备的。评估了它们的构型效果,表明R构型提高了抑制活性,而在等排体上引入甲基降低了活性。基于具有R构型的非取代等排体,21 种衍生物在P处含有各种取代基1'位点被合成。我们对衍生物的评估表明,P 1' 位点的结构对活性有明显的影响,并且鉴定出对重组 BACE1 (rBACE1) 具有亚微摩尔活性的高效抑制剂40g 。40g与rBACE1的对接模拟表明, P 1'苯环对位的羧甲基与S1'口袋中的Lys285相互作用。
Palladium-Catalyzed α-Arylation of Zinc Enolates of Esters: Reaction Conditions and Substrate Scope
作者:Takuo Hama、Shaozhong Ge、John F. Hartwig
DOI:10.1021/jo401476f
日期:2013.9.6
The intermolecular α-arylation of esters by palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl bromides with zinc enolates of esters is reported. Reactions of three different types of zinc enolates have been developed. α-Arylation of esters occurs in high yields with isolated Reformatsky reagents, with Reformatsky reagents generated from α-bromo esters and activated zinc, and with zinc enolates generated by quenching
报道了通过芳基溴化物与酯的烯醇锌的钯催化偶联实现酯的分子间α-芳基化。已经开发出三种不同类型的烯醇锌的反应。使用分离的 Reformatsky 试剂、使用由 α-溴代酯和活化锌生成的 Reformatsky 试剂以及使用氯化锌猝灭酯的碱金属烯醇化物生成的锌烯醇化物,可以高产率进行酯的 α-芳基化。使用烯醇锌代替碱金属烯醇化物大大扩展了酯的芳基化范围。该反应在室温或 70 °C 下与含有氰基、硝基、酯、酮、氟、烯醇化氢、羟基或氨基官能团的溴代芳烃以及与溴代吡啶发生。酯的范围包括无环乙酸酯、丙酸酯和异丁酸酯、α-烷氧基酯和内酯。使用带有受阻五苯基二茂铁基二叔丁基膦(Q-phos)或高反应性二聚Pd(I)络合物[P( t -Bu) 3 ]PdBr} 2 的催化剂进行酯的烯醇锌的芳基化。
Compounds for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy and other uses
申请人:The United States of America as represented by the Secretary, Department of Health and Human Services
公开号:US08110681B2
公开(公告)日:2012-02-07
Compounds of Formula (I) or (II) useful for the treatment of spinal muscular atrophy or other uses, as well as methods of using such compounds to increase SMN expression, increase EAAT2 expression, or increase the expression of a nucleic acid that encodes a translational stop codon introduced by mutation or frameshift.