Amine Attack on Coordinated Alkenes: An Interconversion from Anti-Markovnikoff to Markovnikoff Products
摘要:
A sequence of alkene complexes of platinum, PtCl2(PPh3)(alkene) (alkene = ethylene, propene, 1-butene, cis-2-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene), has been prepared. These complexes are characterized by NMR spectroscopy, including assignment of each proton, and X-ray crystal structures of the 1-propene and 1-hexene complexes. Each complex was reacted with diethylamine. For the 1-hexene, 1-octene, and 1-decene complexes, the amine displaces the alkene. For the smaller alkenes, the diethylamine nucleophilically attacks the coordinated alkene. For propene and 1-butene, the low-temperature addition leads to the anti-Markovnikoff nucleophilic attack, which slowly converts at room temperature to the Markovnikoff product. The transformation from anti-Markovnikoff to Markovnikoff addition occurs without diethylamine dissociation.
Mechanism of the Platinum(II)-Catalyzed Hydroamination of 4-Pentenylamines
作者:Christopher F. Bender、Timothy J. Brown、Ross A. Widenhoefer
DOI:10.1021/acs.organomet.5b00821
日期:2016.1.25
The mechanism of the platinum(II)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroamination of benzyl 4-pentenylamines has been evaluated under stoichiometric and catalytic conditions. Reaction of a benzyl 2,2-disubstituted 4-pentenylamine with [(PPh3)Pt(mu-COCl](2) forms a thermally sensitive platinum amine complex that undergoes irreversible, intramolecular ligand exchange with the pendant C=C bond to form a reactive platinum pi-alkene complex. The pi-alkene complex undergoes rapid, outer-sphere C-N bond formation, evidenced by the anti addition of Pt and N across the complexed C=C bond, to form a thermally stable zwitterionic platinamethylpyrrolidinium complex. The zwitterionic complex is rapidly and exergonically deprotonated by free amine to form a neutral, bicyclic azaplatinacyclobutane complex that likely exists as a discrete 1:1 adduct with ammonium salt in the nonpolar reaction medium and that represents the resting state of the catalytic cycle. Turnover-limiting intramolecular protodemetalation of the azaplatinacyclobutane ammonium adduct followed by ligand exchange releases the 2-methylpyrrolidine product.
Neighboring group effects on the stability of azaplatinacyclobutane rings in (2-aminoethyl)platinum(II) compounds
作者:Michael Green、Jamil K. K. Sarhan、Ibrahim M. Al-Najjar