Nucleophilic Displacement Reactions of 4-(Nosyloxy)-2,3- unsaturated Esters and 2-(Nosyloxy)-3,4-unsaturated Esters
摘要:
It has been found that 4-(nosyloxy)-2,3-unsaturated esters 2 undergo direct displacement with a wide variety of nucleophiles and yield 4-substituted-2,3-unsaturated products cleanly and in generally good yields. These materials thus have very good synthetic potential for the formation of densely functionalized unsaturated esters. 2-(Nosyloxy)-3,4-unsaturated esters as exemplified by methyl 2-(nosyloxy)-3-butenoate (3d) also undergo direct displacement with a range of good nucleophiles; however, the resulting substitution products are prone to rearrangements and tautomerism, as is the starting material itself, so that the synthetic utility of these compounds is limited.
Regiochemical control in the preparation of 2-(nosyloxy) .beta.,.gamma.-unsaturated esters and 4-(nosyloxy) .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated esters from 1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1-alkoxy 1,3-dienes
摘要:
A series of 1-[(trialkylsilyl)oxy]-1-alkoxy 1,3-dienes 1a-i were found to react with p-nitrobenzenesulfonyl peroxide in the presence of sodium methoxide or zinc chloride to give alkyl 2-[[(p-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy] beta-gamma-unsaturated esters 3 and alkyl 4-[[(p-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl]oxy] alpha,beta-unsaturated esters 4 which are readily separable. The regioselectivity is determined by kinetic versus thermodynamic control. When positions 2 or 4 of the diene are unsubstituted, the 2-isomer is the major product and is the kinetically fastest formed product. It can be thermally rearranged to the more stable 4-isomer. When alkyl substituents are present at either the 2- or 4-positions, only the 4-isomer is obtained. Substitution for nosylate by amine nucleophiles occurs by an S(N)2 process. Thus 2-amino beta,gamma-unsaturated esters and 4-amino alpha,beta-unsaturated esters can be prepared from the appropriate starting nosylate.