Copper-catalysed amination of alkyl iodides enabled by halogen-atom transfer
作者:Bartosz Górski、Anne-Laure Barthelemy、James J. Douglas、Fabio Juliá、Daniele Leonori
DOI:10.1038/s41929-021-00652-8
日期:——
the fact that nucleophilic displacement (SN2) of alkyl halides with nitrogen nucleophiles is one of the first reactions introduced in organic chemistry teaching, its practical utilization is largely limited to unhindered (primary) or activated (α-carbonyl, benzylic) substrates. Here, we demonstrate an alternative amination strategy where alkyliodides are used as radical precursors instead of electrophiles
尽管卤代烷与氮亲核试剂的亲核置换 (S N 2) 是有机化学教学中最早引入的反应之一,但其实际应用在很大程度上仅限于不受阻碍的(初级)或活化的(α-羰基、苄基)底物. 在这里,我们展示了一种替代胺化策略,其中烷基碘被用作自由基前体而不是亲电子试剂。使用 α-氨基烷基自由基可以通过卤素原子转移将碘化物有效地转化为相应的烷基自由基,而铜催化在室温下组装sp 3 C-N 键。该过程提供 S N2 样的可编程性以及在几种密集功能化药物的后期功能化中的应用证明了其在制备有价值的N-烷基化药物类似物方面的实用性。
Merging Halogen-Atom Transfer (XAT) and Copper Catalysis for the Modular Suzuki–Miyaura-Type Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Iodides and Organoborons
作者:Zhenhua Zhang、Bartosz Górski、Daniele Leonori
DOI:10.1021/jacs.1c12649
日期:2022.2.2
Suzuki–Miyaura-type cross-couplings between alkyl iodides and aryl organoborons. This process requires a copper catalyst but, in contrast with previous approaches based on palladium and nickel systems, does not utilizes the metal for the activation of the alkylelectrophile. Instead, this strategy exploits the halogen-atom-transfer ability of α-aminoalkyl radicals to convert secondary alkyl iodides into the
Radical hydroxymethylation of alkyl iodides using formaldehyde as a C1 synthon
作者:Lewis Caiger、Conar Sinton、Timothée Constantin、James J. Douglas、Nadeem S. Sheikh、Fabio Juliá、Daniele Leonori
DOI:10.1039/d1sc03083c
日期:——
Radical hydroxymethylation using formaldehyde as a C1 synthon is challenging due to the reversible and endothermic nature of the addition process. Here we report a strategy that couples alkyl iodide building blocks with formaldehyde through the use of photocatalysis and a phosphine additive. Halogen-atom transfer (XAT) from α-aminoalkyl radicals is leveraged to convert the iodide into the corresponding
由于加成过程的可逆和吸热性质,使用甲醛作为 C1 合成子的自由基羟甲基化具有挑战性。在这里,我们报告了一种通过使用光催化和膦添加剂将烷基碘构建块与甲醛结合的策略。利用来自 α-氨基烷基自由基的卤素原子转移 (XAT) 将碘化物转化为相应的开壳物质,而通过用 PPh 3捕获瞬态 O 自由基,使其随后加入甲醛变得不可逆。该事件提供了一个磷酰基自由基,它重新生成了烷基自由基并提供了羟甲基化的产物。
Copper-Catalyzed Alkylation of Aliphatic Amines Induced by Visible Light
作者:Carson D. Matier、Jonas Schwaben、Jonas C. Peters、Gregory C. Fu
DOI:10.1021/jacs.7b09582
日期:2017.12.13
the alkylation of an amine by an alkyl halide serves as a "textbook example" of a nucleophilic substitution reaction, the selective mono-alkylation of aliphatic amines by unactivated, hindered halides persists as a largely unsolved challenge in organic synthesis. We report herein that primary aliphatic amines can be cleanly mono-alkylated by unactivated secondary alkyl iodides in the presence of visible
尽管烷基卤化物对胺的烷基化作为亲核取代反应的“教科书示例”,但未活化的受阻卤化物对脂肪族胺的选择性单烷基化仍然是有机合成中主要未解决的挑战。我们在本文中报道,在可见光和铜催化剂的存在下,伯脂肪胺可以被未活化的仲烷基碘完全单烷基化。该方法在温和条件 (-10 °C) 下运行,显示出良好的官能团兼容性,并使用市售催化剂组分。使用 TEMPO 进行的捕获实验与在笼外过程中通过烷基自由基形成 CN 键是一致的。
PYRIMIDINE DERIVATIVES AS KINASE INHIBITORS
申请人:Marsilje Thomas H.
公开号:US20110112063A1
公开(公告)日:2011-05-12
The invention provides novel pyrimidine derivatives of formula I and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods for using such compounds. For example, the pyrimidine derivatives of the invention may be used to treat, ameliorate or prevent a condition which responds to inhibition of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-IR) or analplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK).