Regioselective opening of epoxy alcohols: mild chemo- and stereoselective preparation of iodohydrins and 1,2-diols
摘要:
Several 2,3-epoxy alcohols have been opened, at -60-degrees-C, with MgI2, leading to the corresponding 3-iodo 1,2-diols with a high level of regio- and chemoselectivity. The iodohydrins can be reduced "in situ", by means of nBu3SnH, to the corresponding 1,2-diols. The chemo-, regio-, and stereocontrol of the reaction makes the method of wide use. Furthermore, epoxy alcohol derivatives (acetyl, benzyl, or TBMS) still maintain a strong preference for C-3 attack of the nucleophile. The experimental data strongly suggest that a metal (Mg) centered chelate is formed throughout the reaction, which gives rise to the regioselective delivery of the iodide ion.
Regiochemical control of the ring opening of 1,2-epoxides by means of chelating processes. 5. Synthesis and reactions of some 2,3-epoxy-1-alkanol derivatives
摘要:
In order to study the effect of a remote polar functionality on the regiochemistry of the ring opening of aliphatic epoxides, the synthesis and some nucleophilic additions (methanolysis, azidolysis, and aminolysis) of suitable 2,3-epoxy-1-alkanol derivatives (epoxides trans-1a-d and cis-2) were carried out. The C-3 selectivity commonly observed when nonchelating ring opening conditions are used is lower than when the epoxides are allowed to react in the presence of metal ions (Li+, Mg2+, Zn2+) due to the probable intervention of bidentate-chelated intermediates in the latter case, and in some instances an almost complete C-3 regioselection is obtained. Under identical conditions involving chelation control, trans epoxide la shows higher C-3 selectivity than cis isomer 2. A free hydroxyl functionality is not necessary in order to observe chelation-controlled regioselectivity in the epoxides that we examined.
Arabinose-Derived Ketones as Catalysts for Asymmetric Epoxidation of Alkenes
作者:Tony K. M. Shing、Gulice Y. C. Leung、To Luk
DOI:10.1021/jo050928f
日期:2005.9.1
Readily available arabinose-derived ketones, containing a tunable butane-2,3-diacetal as the steric blocker, displayed increasing enantioselectivity (up to 90% ee) with the size of the acetal alkyl group in catalytic asymmetricepoxidation of trans-disubstituted and trisubstituted alkenes. The stereochemical communication between our ketonecatalysts and the alkene substrates is mainly due to steric
The opening reaction of epoxides by monochloroborane-dimethylsulfide 1 proceeds by oxygen anchimeric assistance in a regio and diastereoselective manner to give the corresponding anti chlorohydrins.
(E)-1-benzyloxy-2,3-epoxyalkanes (4) underwent stereoselective rearrangement in the presence of LIDAKOR reagent and large excess of butyllithium producing (Z)-alkendiols (7) at ambident temperature. The same reaction serves anti oxetanes (6) at −75 °C which can also rearrange to 7 when the temperature arises.
Functionalized oxiranyl ethers can be regio- and stereoselectively converted into hydroxy oxetanes or cis-diols by treatment with organometallic bases. These two rearrangements can be conveniently carried out either using different reaction conditions starting from the oxirane or in two consecutive steps from the oxirane via the oxetane. (C) 2001 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Regiochemical control of the ring opening of 1,2-epoxides by means of chelating processes. Part 18: Regioselectivity of the opening reactions with MeOH of 1-(benzyloxy)-2,3- and -3,4-epoxyalkanes under condensed and gas phase operating conditions
作者:Paolo Crotti、Gabriele Renzi、Graziella Roselli、Valeria Di Bussolo、Laura Lucarelli、Maria Rosaria Romano
DOI:10.1016/j.tet.2005.05.040
日期:2005.8
The regiochemical behavior of a series of aliphatic open chain epoxides bearing a heterofunctionality in an allylic or homoallylic relationship has been examined in the opening reaction with MeOH under both condensed and gas phase operating conditions. The results indicate that the proton (actually D+) possesses in the gas phase intrinsic chelating properties which are even superior than those of Li (+) in the condensed phase. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.