Streambank and vegetation response to simulated cattle grazing
摘要:
Simulated grazing techniques were used to investigate livestock impacts on structural and vegetation characteristics of streambanks in central Idaho, USA. The treatments, continued over two years, consisted of no grazing, simulated moderate early summer grazing, simulated moderate mid-summer grazing, and simulated heavy season-long grazing. The moderate treatments depressed the streambank surface about 3 cm, while the heavy season-long treatment resulted in an 11.5-cm depression. There were no differences between the no-grazing and moderate-grazing treatments for change in stream width, bank angle, bank retreat, or root biomass. The heavy season-long treatment, however, produced significant changes in these variables. The amount of foliage biomass (i.e., kg ha(-1)) removed by treatment was similar between the two years of study for the moderate treatments. The foliage removed from the heavy season-long treatment plots greatly decreased in the second year as plant growth decreased. Ten months after the last treatment application, the average spring foliage growth was 20-43% lower on the moderate treatment plots and 51-87% lower on the heavy season-long treatment plots than on the untreated control plots.
[EN] 4-AMINOBUT-2-ENAMIDE DERIVATIVES AND SALTS THEREOF<br/>[FR] DÉRIVÉS DE 4-AMINOBUT-2-ENAMIDE ET SELS DE CES DERNIERS
申请人:TAIHO PHARMACEUTICAL CO LTD
公开号:WO2021085653A1
公开(公告)日:2021-05-06
The present invention provides an antitumor agent comprising a compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof that covalently binds to GTP-bound KRASG12C as an active ingredient.
Binon,F. et al., Bulletin des Societes Chimiques Belges, 1963, vol. 72, p. 166 - 177
作者:Binon,F. et al.
DOI:——
日期:——
Honaucins A−C, Potent Inhibitors of Inflammation and Bacterial Quorum Sensing: Synthetic Derivatives and Structure-Activity Relationships
作者:Hyukjae Choi、Samantha J. Mascuch、Francisco A. Villa、Tara Byrum、Margaret E. Teasdale、Jennifer E. Smith、Linda B. Preskitt、David C. Rowley、Lena Gerwick、William H. Gerwick
DOI:10.1016/j.chembiol.2012.03.014
日期:2012.5
Honaucins A-C were isolated from the cyanobacterium Leptolyngbya crossbyana which was found overgrowing corals on the Hawaiian coast. Honaucin A consists of (S)-3-hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone and 4-chlorocrotonic acid, which are connected via an ester linkage. Honaucin A and its two natural analogs exhibit potent inhibition of both bioluminescence, a quorum-sensing-dependent phenotype, in Vibrio harveyi BB120 and lipopolysaccharide-stimulated nitric oxide production in the murine macrophage cell line RAW264.7. The decrease in nitric oxide production was accompanied by a decrease in the transcripts of several proinflammatory cytokines, most dramatically interleukin-1 beta. Synthesis of honaucin A, as well as a number of analogs, and subsequent evaluation in anti-inflammation and quorum-sensing inhibition bioassays revealed the essential structural features for activity in this chemical class and provided analogs with greater potency in both assays.
Rambaud, Bulletin de la Societe Chimique de France, 1936, vol. <5>3, p. 139
作者:Rambaud
DOI:——
日期:——
Broche; Rambaud, Comptes Rendus Hebdomadaires des Seances de l'Academie des Sciences, 1944, vol. 218, p. 881