Polymer-Supported Bis(oxazoline)−Copper Complexes as Catalysts in Cyclopropanation Reactions
作者:M. Isabel Burguete、José M. Fraile、José I. García、Eduardo García-Verdugo、Santiago V. Luis、José A. Mayoral
DOI:10.1021/ol0066633
日期:2000.11.1
Bis(oxazolines) are easily immobilized by functionalization of the central methylene bridge with polymerizable groups and subsequent polymerization. Polymers are transformed into copper catalysts active in the cyclopropanation of styrene with ethyl diazoacetate. The results are similar or even better than those obtained with the similar homogeneous systems, and the catalysts can be easily recovered
Polymer immobilization of bis(oxazoline) ligands using dendrimers as cross-linkers
作者:Enrique Dı́ez-Barra、José M Fraile、José I Garcı́a、Eduardo Garcı́a-Verdugo、Clara I Herrerı́as、Santiago V Luis、José A Mayoral、Prado Sánchez-Verdú、Juan Tolosa
DOI:10.1016/s0957-4166(03)00074-0
日期:2003.4
Homopolymers of bis(oxazoline) ligands can be used to prepare efficient catalysts for cyclopropanation reactions. However, the low accessibility to most bis(oxazoline) moieties leads to a low copper loading. As a consequence, the transmission of chiral information from the complexed polymer is not very efficient and only a few chiral cyclopropane molecules are obtained from each molecule of chiral ligand. The use of suitable dendrimers as cross-linkers in the polymerization process allows better copper functionalization. As a consequence the productivity of chiral cyclopropanes per molecule of chiral ligand greatly increases, which improves the ligand economy and the chirality transfer. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Improvement of ligand economy controlled by polymer morphology: The case of polymer-Supported bis(oxazoline) catalysts
A functionalized chiral bis(oxazoline) is used as a chiral monomer in polymerization reactions leading to homo- and copolymers of different morphology. Polymers with a high content of chiral monomer lead to enantioselectivities that are higher than those obtained with the soluble ligand, but the chiral ligand is not used in an optimal way. A hyperbranched polymer, obtained by using a hexavinyldendrimer as the cross-linker, leads to the same enantioselectivities with a more efficient use of the chiral ligand. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.
Bis(oxazoline)copper Complexes Covalently Bonded to Insoluble Support as Catalysts in Cyclopropanation Reactions
作者:M. Isabel Burguete、José M. Fraile、José I. García、Eduardo García-Verdugo、Clara I. Herrerías、Santiago V. Luis、José A. Mayoral
DOI:10.1021/jo0159338
日期:2001.12.1
Chiral bis(oxazolines) are readily dialkylated in the methylene bridge, opening the way to immobilization at that position, keeping the C-2 symmetry of the chiral ligand. Bis(oxazolines) functionalized with two allyl or vinylbenzyl groups are easily grafted onto mercaptopropylsilica. Another approach to immobilization is the polymerization of the ligands bearing vinylbenzyl groups to yield insoluble polymers. The Cu(OTf)(2) complexes of the immobilized ligands promote the enantioselective cyclopropanation reaction between styrene and ethyl diazoacetate. The results depend on the nature of the support and the method of immobilization. With regard to the type of solid, the best results, which are similar to or even better than those obtained with the corresponding dibenzylated homogeneous catalysts, are obtained with homopolymers. With regard to the bis(oxazoline), that bearing indan groups leads to good results both onto silica and polymers, whereas with the ligand bearing tert-butyl groups good enantioselectivities are only obtained with homopolymeric catalysts. Some of the heterogeneous catalysts can be easily recovered and reused, as much as five times, with the same yield and stereoselectivities.